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A change in price causes both Surplus and Shortages.

Surplus means in excess (having too much). For example, if a store which sold an item for 10 dollars decided to change the price to 12 dollars, most people would not want to buy that item at the new price (especially if they're used to the old price). The store would end up having too much (Surplus) of that item because nobody is buying it due to the increase in price from 10 dollars to 12 dollars.

As for shortage, if the same store which sold an item for 10 dollars decided to sell that item for 8 dollars instead (it went on sale) then more people would buy the that item at a faster rate. So much faster that the store would not be able to order more in time to satisfy every customer. Resulting in a shortage (not having enough).

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