The term "bourgeoisie" refers to the social class that owns the means of production in a capitalist society, typically characterized by their wealth, economic power, and influence. Historically, the bourgeoisie emerged during the rise of capitalism in Europe, often contrasting with the working class (proletariat). In Marxist theory, the bourgeoisie is seen as exploiting the proletariat, leading to class struggles and social tensions. The term can also denote a lifestyle associated with the middle class, emphasizing materialism and conventional values.