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The term "informal sector" was first coined by Keith Hart in his study of the economic activities of the urban economy of Accra, Ghana, in 1973. Hart used the term to refer to the low income activities of the urban poor who could not find wage employment. The term was subsequently adopted and popularised by the ILO in form of "informal economy". While there are disagreements on the definition of the informal economy, most definitions nevertheless emphasise the following characteristics:

  • small scale, low level of organisation and low productivity;
  • happens outside of state licensing and regulation framework; and
  • (some authors include) "legal and economically sound"activities ( differentiating the informal economy from hidden or underground economy).
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