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The period of mercantilism, which spanned from the 16th to the 18th centuries, was an economic theory and practice focused on strengthening a nation's power by increasing its wealth, primarily through a balance of trade that favored exports over imports. Governments actively intervened in the economy, promoting trade monopolies and colonial expansion to secure resources and markets. Mercantilism emphasized the accumulation of precious metals and was characterized by protectionist policies to support domestic industries. This approach eventually gave way to more free-market economic theories in the late 18th century.

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