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What ruined Mexico's national economy?

Updated: 10/23/2022
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12y ago

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This is a very complex question, and it could have many answers. It is however, believed that Mexico was on the good road to industrialization until the 1970's, when Mexican Presidents Luis Echeverria and Jose Lopez Portillo began to rely heavily on oil exports when the 1973 Oil Crisis hit the developed world, supporting the financial needs of the country while taking advantage of the high oil prices.

When the market eventually stabilized, the little diversification of exports and large foreign debt resulted in an economic slump and a devaluation of the Mexican Peso by 500%. This is often called the Lost Decade or Decada Perdida(1973-1982). Three years later, the Mexico City Earthquake(1985) further deteriorated the economy, as Mexico City, which agglomerates 20-25% of the country's national income, was heavily hit by such natural disaster.

Another explanation is that when President Carlos Salinas de Gortari was elected in 1988, he began a process of privatization of most government industries and businesses. This is known as the Rise of Neoliberalism in Mexico; this privatization process was however, bad to the economy as it transformed state-owned monopolies into privately-owned monopolies. One such example is Telefonos de Mexico, the only land telephone company in Mexico, which has a moderately bad service with one of the most expensive price rates in the world. These kind of monopolies prevent a healthy competition, curtailing investment and preventing a higher growth for the economy.

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12y ago
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