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Which liberal reformer wanted the government to grant pensions to Americans over 60 years old who would then be required to spend that money promptly?
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∙ 13y ago
Francis E. Townsend
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∙ 13y ago
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Which social reformer was inspired by the writing of J S Mill and H Spencer?
m.phule
Controversial reformer whose book Progress and Poverty advocated solving problems of economic inequality by a tax on land?
Henry George
Who is the father of progressive education?
John Dewey, an American educational reformer, is known as the father of progressive education. He lived from 1859 to 1952.
Who was the controversial reformer whose book Progress and Poverty advocated solving problems of economic inequality by a tax on land?
Henry George
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the cooperative?
Cooperation dates back as far as human beings have been organizing for mutual benefit. Tribes were organised as cooperative structures, allocating jobs and resources among each other, only trading with the external communities. In alpine environments, trade could only be maintained in organized cooperatives to achieve a useful condition of artificial roads such as Viamala in 1473.[3] Pre-industrial Europe is home to the first cooperatives from an industrial context.[citation needed]Robert Owen (1771 - 1858) was a social reformer and a pioneer of the cooperative movement.In 1761, the Fenwick Weavers' Society was formed in Fenwick, East Ayrshire, Scotland to sell discounted oatmeal to local workers.[4] Its services expanded to include assistance with savings and loans, emigration and education. In 1810, Welsh social reformer Robert Owen, from Newtown in mid-Wales, and his partners purchased New Lanark mill from Owen's father-in-law David Dale and proceeded to introduce better labour standards including discounted retail shops where profits were passed on to his employees. Owen left New Lanark to pursue other forms of cooperative organization and develop co-op ideas through writing and lecture. Cooperative communities were set up in Glasgow, Indiana and Hampshire, although ultimately unsuccessful. In 1828, William King set up a newspaper, The Cooperator, to promote Owen's thinking, having already set up a co-operative store in Brighton.[citation needed]The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers, founded in 1844, is usually considered the first successful cooperative enterprise, used as a model for modern co-ops, following the 'Rochdale Principles'. A group of 28 weavers and other artisans in Rochdale, England set up the society to open their own store selling food items they could not otherwise afford. Within ten years there were over 1,000 cooperative societies in the United Kingdom.[citation needed]Other events such as the founding of a friendly society by the Tolpuddle Martyrs in 1832 were key occasions in the creation of organized labor and consumer movements.[citation needed]Social economyIn the final year of the 20th century, cooperatives banded together to establish a number of social enterprise agencies which have moved to adopt the multi-stakeholder cooperative model.[5][6] In the last 15 years (1994-2009) the EU and its member nations, have gradually revised national accounting systems to "make visible" the increasing contribution of social economy organizations.[7] Organizational and ideological rootsThe roots of the cooperative movement can be traced to multiple influences and extend worldwide. In the Anglosphere, post-feudal forms of cooperation between workers and owners, that are expressed today as "profit-sharing" and "surplus sharing" arrangements, existed as far back as 1795.[8] The key ideological influence on the Anglosphere branch of the cooperative movement, however, was a rejection of the charity principles that underpinned welfare reforms when the British government radically revised its Poor Laws in 1834. As both state and church institutions began to routinely distinguish between the 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor, a movement of friendly societies grew throughout the British Empire based on the principle of mutuality, committed to self-help in the welfare of working people.[citation needed] Friendly Societies established forums through which one member, one vote was practiced in organisation decision-making. The principles challenged the idea that a person should be an owner of property before being granted a political voice.[5] Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century (and then repeatedly every 20 years or so) there has been a surge in the number of cooperative organisations, both in commercial practice and civil society, operating to advance democracy and universal suffrage as a political principle.[9] Friendly Societies and consumer cooperatives became the dominant form of organization amongst working people in Anglosphere industrial societies prior to the rise of trade unions and industrial factories. Weinbren reports that by the end of the 19th century, over 80% of British working age men and 90% of Australian working age men were members of one or more Friendly Society.[10]From the mid-nineteenth century, mutual organisations embraced these ideas in economic enterprises, firstly amongst tradespeople, and later in cooperative stores, educational institutes, financial institutions and industrial enterprises. The common thread (enacted in different ways, and subject to the constraints of various systems of national law) is the principle that an enterprise or association should be owned and controlled by the people it serves, and share any surpluses on the basis of each members' cooperative contribution (as a producer, labourer or consumer) rather than their capacity to invest financial capital.[11]The cooperative movement has been fueled globally by ideas of economic democracy. Economic democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that suggests an expansion of decision-making power from a small minority of corporate shareholders to a larger majority of public stakeholders. There are many different approaches to thinking about and building economic democracy. Both Marxism and anarchism, for example, have been influenced by utopian socialism, which was based on voluntary cooperation, withoutrecognition of class conflict. Anarchists are committed to libertarian socialism and they have focused on local organization, including locally managed cooperatives, linked through confederations of unions, cooperatives and communities. Marxists, who as socialists have likewise held and worked for the goal of democratizing productive and reproductive relationships, often placed a greater strategic emphasis on confronting the larger scales of human organization. As they viewed the capitalist class to be prohibitively politically, militarily and culturally mobilized in order to maintain an exploitable working class, they fought in the early 20th century to appropriate from the capitalist class the society's collective political capacity in the form of the state, either through democratic socialism, or through what came to be known as Leninism. Though they regard the state as an unnecessarily oppressive institution, Marxists considered appropriating national and international-scale capitalist institutions and resources (such as the state) to be an important first pillar in creating conditions favorable to solidaristic economies.[12][13] With the declining influence of the USSR after the 1960s, socialist strategies pluralized, though economic democratizers have not as yet established a fundamental challenge to the hegemony of global neoliberal capitalism.MeaningCooperatives as legal entitiesA cooperative is a legal entity owned and democratically controlled by its members. Members often have a close association with the enterprise as producers or consumers of its products or services, or as its employees.[citation needed] In some countries, e.g. Finland and Sweden, there are specific forms of incorporation for cooperatives. Cooperatives may take the form of companies limited by shares or by guarantee, partnerships or unincorporated associations. In the USA, cooperatives are often organized as non-capital stock corporations under state-specific cooperative laws. However, they may also be unincorporated associations or business corporations such as limited liability companies or partnerships; such forms are useful when the members want to allow[citation needed]:some members to have a greater share of the control, orsome investors to have a return on their capital that exceeds fixed interest,neither of which may be allowed under local laws for cooperatives. Cooperatives often share their earnings with the membership as dividends, which are divided among the members according to their participation in the enterprise, such as patronage, instead of according to the value of their capital shareholdings (as is done by a joint stock company).
Which liberal reformer wanted the government to gant pensions to Americans over 60?
Francis E. Townsend.
What kind of reputation did Franklin D Roosevelt gain as governor of New York?
reformer
What is the definition of a democratic reformer?
A democratic reformer is an activist or politician who seeks to institute democratic principles in a government. They may work for free elections or fair representation of people in government, for example.
What did reformer carl schurz abolish?
Reformer Carl Schurz was known for his efforts in education reform and civil service reform. He did not abolish anything specifically, but he worked to improve government transparency and reduce corruption in the civil service system.
When was The Simcoe Reformer created?
The Simcoe Reformer was created in 1858.
Is Annie besant is a social reformer?
yes! she is a social reformer
Who was a US social reformer preacher and abolitionist?
One prominent US social reformer, preacher, and abolitionist was Frederick Douglass. He was a key figure in the anti-slavery movement, advocating for the rights of African Americans and actively speaking out against slavery throughout his life.
When was John Collier - reformer - born?
John Collier - reformer - was born in 1884.
When did John Collier - reformer - die?
John Collier - reformer - died in 1968.
When was True Reformer Building created?
True Reformer Building was created in 1903.
When was Brattleboro Reformer created?
Brattleboro Reformer was created on 1876-08-19.
Who is a reformer?
A political reformer is one who promises voters that he will address poor practices or questionable activities in government, especially where corruption is concerned. Many elected reformers follow through on at least part of their promises.A religious reformer is someone who feels that a certain religion has overstepped its bounds or has lost its original message, purpose or goal, and who attempts to bring it back to its original pure state.
