Yes... for the earned income credit and such. It makes no difference for your income taxes really, as your not paying any.
No. You must report income to receive the Earned Income Credit. You must file a tax return to receive the credit, even if you otherwise would not have to. Any amount of the credit over the amount of taxes you owe will be refunded to you.
Sure. The fact that you were incarcerated does not exempt you from filing income taxes and paying tax on your income. It does prevent you from claiming many of the tax credits such as Earned Income Credit, Child Tax Credit as you cannot claim that you supported your children or that they lived with you during this time.
a credit to deferred income taxes payable
Unless you paid federal and state taxes you cannot get a refund. Many people make the mistake of thinking they can file taxes simply to get the earned income credit. They are wrong. It is called the earned income credit because they earned an income. So unless you worked at some point over the prior year you cannot get the earned income credit. And unless you paid taxes in then you have nothing to file or claim.
If you itemize deductions on your federal income tax return, you have the choice of claiming a deduction either for state income taxes or state sales taxes (but not both). Sales taxes would include those for groceries. Note that this is a deduction, not a refund or credit.
Less
No. The tax deduction will be on your federal income taxes instead.
No the FTHBC 8000 amount that your received in the 2009 tax year is not taxable income that you would have to report on your 1040 income tax return.
income taxes ? no insurance payments are exempt
No you are not supposed to claim if you are in arrears.
no