I'll use Romaji. Consonants are pronounced pretty much the same. Vowels:
A- Ah.
I- Eee! (Like, A mouse, EEEE!)
U- Oooooh.
E- Ay!
O- Oh. (Like Oh, I get it. Short.)
Konnichi-wa is probably one of the most famous, and it means 'Good Afternoon'.
Ohayo gozaimasu is 'Good morning' but if you don't need to be formal, it's 'Ohayo'
Kon-ban-wa is good evening.
Since you said 'every-day' I'm going to assume you know the average first time hellos and goodbyes 'Hajimemashite' and 'Yoroshiku'.
O Genki desu ka? is 'How are you?' and it's polite. If you don't need to be so polite omit the O. You really could get away with saying 'Genki'.
If don't want to sound like a baka gaijin, try 'Genki datta' or 'Sakin dou' which mean roughly 'How's it going?'
How have you been doing (recently)? (Saikin) dou-shiteta?/(Saikin) nani-shiteta
What have you been doing? 'Nani yatteta yo' (Recently, from a few seconds to a week ago)
Hope you pick some of it up. It's a lot, but very fun and rewarding.
Ching
You mean 'day by day'. In that case you can say 'himashi ni yarimashou'.
A school's "sports day" is called 運動会 (undoukai) in Japanese.
chea chaye choayu
In my opinion, the best Japanese food is sushi. I could eat it every day.
The Japanese word for "monthly" is 毎月 (maigetsu), which literally means "every month".
You would say there is a different temperature range everyday.
If you meant to say "konichiwa" then it means good afternoon/good day in Japanese :L
父の日 (chichi no hi)
Anata no hahaoya wa baishunpudearu
You may say 'hoka no hi' or 'betsu no hi.'
Hina matsuri is the Japanese Doll Festival, which is also known as Girl's Day.