The current distribution in a conductor is affected by magnetic flux produced by current flowing in any adjacent conductors as well as by magnetic flux produced by current flowing in the conductor itself. This generally causes the RF to DC resistance ratio to be higher than it would be with only simple skin effect. This effect is very important in radio frequency coils, transmission lines, and most other circumstances where radio frequency currents flow simultaneously in adjacent conductors. It is known as the conductor proximity effect.
Assume the AC currents are going in opposite (SAME) directions in a twin pair transmission line. The magnetic fields so created have the effect of forcing the current flow towards the centre (OUTSIDE). The effect is greater with higher frequency. As the copper is not being effectively utilised, the resistance goes up. This effect is distinct from "skin effect". The effect is also greatest if the gap between wires is small. Unfortunately, as of April 2009 an on-line calculator is difficult to find.
The Proximity Effect - Laki Mera album - was created in 2010.
there are some distortion in transmission line : copper loss,dielectric loss,skin effect
higher phase shift lower impedance
The Proximity Effect - Nada Surf album - was created on 1998-09-22.
A rise in voltage occurring at the end of a long transmission line when its load is disconnected.
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