there are some distortion in transmission line :
copper loss,dielectric loss,skin effect
In an underground cable, the distortion in the transmission of carrier frequency can be eliminated using inductive loading. This distortion causes a delay which will result into a variance of frequencies.Ê
IF we use frequency modulation for transmitting video signal this can cause phase shifting .and eyes can percieve this distortion effect easly . and requires more bandwidth to send the signal .Color levels are adjusted by amplitude in TV .So it s more logic to use Amplitude modulation .
Major disadvantage is that telephone lines are very susceptible to variations in transmission quality that can affect amplitude Ann
selective fading
Band pass refers to a specific range of frequencies requires for transmission of a signal over a appreciable distance for effective communication by applying special modulation techniques for effective transmission of a signal.
Attenuation distortion is the distortion of an analog signal that occurs during transmission when the transmission medium does not have a flat frequency response across the bandwidth of the medium.
Distortion criteria refer to the acceptable level of distortion or error in a signal or system before it is considered unacceptable. It helps in evaluating the quality of the output signal by comparing it to the original input signal. Various measurements and standards are used to determine distortion criteria in different contexts such as audio processing, image processing, and data transmission.
Conductors that transmit an electric signal.
Noises present in audio signal may be of various kinds like environmental noises, transmission noises etc.
Resistors are used in transmission lines primarily for impedance matching and to minimize signal reflections. By dissipating excess energy, they help maintain signal integrity over long distances. Additionally, resistors can be employed in termination circuits to prevent standing waves, which can lead to interference and degradation of the signal. Overall, their use enhances the efficiency and reliability of signal transmission.
1. Because of attenuation, distortion, and noise. Atteniation is loss of signal power as it travels through the transmission medium. Distortion is caused by interactions between the signal and the transmission meddium. Noise can be generated internally or added through external interference.
Noise is basically an unwanted signal which is mixed in fundamental signal while the distortion is a disturbed fundamental signal affected due to external disturbance. It is just like box. A box is compressed and its shape is disturbed while the box could also be destroyed by adding of the other materials like putting extra heavy material in it. In this way changing of the shape of the box by compression is considered to be distortion and disturbing the form by adding the material is considered to be noise.
The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is commonly used to measure distortion in audio equipment. It quantifies the amount of harmonic distortion present in a signal compared to the original signal. Lower THD values indicate less distortion in the audio signal.
Adding a delay before distortion in a signal chain can create a more pronounced and defined distortion effect, while adding a delay after distortion can create a more spacious and atmospheric sound.
Distortion.
A strip line is a type of transmission line used in microwave engineering, characterized by a flat conductor strip separated from a ground plane by a dielectric material. It is typically used for high-frequency signal transmission due to its ability to minimize signal loss and distortion. Strip lines are often found in circuit boards and integrated circuits, providing a compact and efficient way to route high-frequency signals.
The spectrum analyzer is used to do distortion analysis to the signal. Due to the fact that we don't have a pure generated signal. In reality, there must be some distortion. The distortion analysis is important in the communication field as well as in electronics.