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Bachman's model of language competence, proposed by Lyle Bachman in the 1990s, emphasizes the interplay between various components of language ability. It distinguishes between two main types of competence: organizational competence, which includes grammatical and textual knowledge, and pragmatic competence, which encompasses functional and sociolinguistic skills. The model highlights the importance of context and the ability to use language appropriately in different situations, thereby providing a comprehensive framework for understanding language proficiency.

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The concept is very simple really. Linguistic competence is what you actually know about a language, and linguistic performance is how you actually use it. So if you make grammatical mistakes, but you know they are mistakes, then your performance does not match your competence. But if you don't know they are mistakes, then your competence matches your performance, and you are probably not native.For example, in looking at the unanswered wiki questions close to this one:How does pneumonia fit into Maslow theory?If the questioner just made a type and knows that a native English speaker would say:How does pneumonia fit into Maslow's theorythen his or her performance does not reflect his/her competence. If the questioner doesn't know that this is a grammatical error, then they lack linguistic competence in English.


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