ionosphere
no.
Satellites are launched in east direction to use earths rotational velocity and to reduce launch energy.
Yes, Woomera in Australia was used as a launch site for satellites in the past. The WRESAT satellite, launched in 1967, was Australia's first satellite and was launched from Woomera. Additionally, a number of other satellites were also launched from Woomera in the following years.
You can find a list of satellites launched by Russia on websites such as n2yo.com or celestrak.com. These websites provide real-time tracking information for satellites in orbit, including those launched by Russia.
The United States has launched the most number of satellites into space.
62 satellites so far and recently rishant 1 of pslv 19 has been launched on 26 April 2012
200
They are launched by rockets.
45
Yes, England (UK) has launched satellites. Recently the have launched military space communications satellites named Skynet
More satellites have been launched for different use of technology
Over 60 countries have launched satellites. Of these, the three largest contributors to the number of satellites currently in orbit as of 2013 are Russia at 1457, the United States at 1110, and China at 140.