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Matthew 4:1 "Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil."

Matthew 4:1-11 and Luke 4:1-13 relate Jesus' temptations in the wilderness. Apparent inconsistencies in the reading are resolved utilizing the Biblical Research Principle of Narrative Development.

Narrative Development in Scripture refers to different passages that give information about the same incident or subject. While each passage may provide varying details, they should harmonize and be consistent. Also, it's important to distinguish between identical situations and those that are only similar.

Luke 4:5 "And the devil, taking him up into an high mountain, shewed unto him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time."

By carefully checking the Greek text, a distinction emerges. In Luke 4, the Greek word translated "world" is oikoumenē, the inhabited world. In Matthew 4, the word "world" is kosmos, the physical world (including all its resources).

Matthew 4:8 "Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them;"

The two records harmonize by distinguishing between the terms used for the world, revealing that Jesus faced four distinct temptations.

  • First Temptation: Turning stones into bread.

Luke 4:3 "And the devil said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, command this stone that it be made bread."

  • Second Temptation: Being shown the kingdoms of the inhabited world (oikoumenē) in a moment.

  • Third Temptation: The pinnacle of the temple.

Matthew 4:5,6 "Then the devil taketh him up into the holy city, and setteth him on a pinnacle of the temple, And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone."

  • Fourth Temptation: Being shown the kingdoms of the physical world (kosmos) from a high mountain.

Matthew 4:11 "Then the devil leaveth him, and, behold, angels came and ministered unto him."

Utilizing narrative development, we have gained a more comprehensive understanding of the events involved in Jesus' temptations in the wilderness. We have also gained an awareness that Matthew and Luke's records are consistent and harmonize with each other.

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PsalmEquipt

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