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What do you mean by phagocytic in nature?
"Phagocytic" describes the function of certain immune cells that engulf and digest foreign particles, such as bacteria and debris, to help protect the body from infection and maintain tissue health. These cells, like macrophages and neutrophils, play a vital role in the immune response.
Not a principle of cell theory?
Cells must have a specific shape and size is not a principle of cell theory. Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Do bacteria have smooth er?
No, bacteria do not have smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Smooth ER is a cell organelle found in eukaryotic cells, not in prokaryotic cells like bacteria.
What is the direction of water movement in a cylinder of potato tissue in distilled water?
In a cylinder of potato tissue placed in distilled water, the direction of water movement will be from the external solution (distilled water) into the potato tissue due to osmosis. This is because the potato cells have a higher solute concentration compared to the external solution, resulting in water moving into the cells to equalize the concentration gradient.
Do bacteria have ER?
No, bacteria do not have endoplasmic reticulum (ER) like eukaryotic cells. Bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, including the ER, and instead have a simpler internal structure.
What provides a defense against abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells?
The immune system of the body provide a defense against abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells. Generally this results into rise in temperature of the body. Therefore, fever is the indication of having war against abnormal cells and pathogens.
Viral or bacterial germs that invade body cells are called?
Intracellular pathogens.
Do antibodies attack extracellular or intracellular antigens?
Antibodies primarily target extracellular antigens, which are found outside of cells. These antigens can be on the surface of pathogens or released into the extracellular environment. Intracellular antigens, located inside cells, are primarily targeted by T cells of the immune system.
What happens when the body cannot differentiate between pathogens and body cells?
The immune system will target the body's own cells
What are the key differences between th1 and th2 T cells and how do they impact the immune response?
Th1 T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and help fight intracellular pathogens, while Th2 T cells are involved in humoral immunity and help fight extracellular pathogens. The key difference lies in the type of immune response they trigger. Th1 cells promote inflammation and activate macrophages, while Th2 cells stimulate B cells to produce antibodies. This balance between Th1 and Th2 responses is crucial for an effective immune response against different types of pathogens.
What Cell mediated responses attacks?
Cell-mediated responses primarily target intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and some bacteria, as well as cancer cells and transplanted tissues. This immune response involves T cells, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which recognize and destroy infected or abnormal cells. Additionally, helper T cells assist in activating other immune cells to enhance the overall immune response. Overall, cell-mediated immunity is crucial for eliminating pathogens that evade antibody-mediated responses.
Cells that identify pathogens and distinguish one from another?
Cells of the immune system, such as T cells and B cells, play a crucial role in identifying and distinguishing pathogens. T cells recognize specific antigens presented by infected cells and trigger an immune response, while B cells produce antibodies that bind to antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. This process allows the immune system to target and eliminate a wide variety of pathogens efficiently.
What is the Differentiate between Humoral mediated immune response and cellular mediated immune response?
The difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity is that humoral immunity uses B cells and T cells whereas mediated immunity only uses the T cells. Also humoral immunity provides a defense against antigens and pathogens in body fluids whereas cell-mediated immunity protects from abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells.
By growing inside the t-cells HIV is able to avoid which?
By growing inside T-cells, HIV is able to avoid detection and elimination by the host's immune system. The virus resides within the cells, where it can replicate and persist without being exposed to antibodies or immune cells that typically target extracellular pathogens. This intracellular lifestyle allows HIV to evade immune responses and establish a chronic infection in the host.
What organ detects pathogens in the lymph?
The organ that detects pathogens in the lymph is the lymph node. Lymph nodes contain immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, which monitor the lymph fluid for foreign substances, including pathogens. When pathogens are detected, the immune cells initiate an immune response to help eliminate the threat. This process is crucial for the body's immune surveillance and response to infections.
What are Th1 and Th2?
Th1 and Th2 are part of your adaptive immunity. They are the effector T cells with specific function. Th1 acts directly on macrophages to make it able to defeat pathogens and Th1 activates B cells.
What body's ability can destroy pathogens before they can cause disease?
The immune system can destroy pathogens before they can cause disease. It does this through mechanisms such as the production of antibodies, activation of immune cells like T cells and macrophages, and the release of cytokines to trigger an immune response against the pathogens.
