Yes, it can be connected safely but the lamp will not emit any light.
No, the bulb would last about 5 seconds... if that.
Yes, you can easily use it. Just install it as you would any other 120 volt light fixture and change the bulb from a 240 volt bulb to a 120 volt bulb. It will work just fine.
It is not recommended to use a 120 volt bulb in a 130 volt socket as it can cause the bulb to burn out faster or even lead to safety hazards. It is important to match the voltage rating of the bulb with the socket for optimal performance and safety.
No.
no
Yes, it can. But e.g. a light bulb will have a shorter living time.
Choose a bulb with the same voltage as your fixture to prevent damage or risk of overheating. If the fixture specifies 120 volts, use a 120-volt bulb. If in doubt, consult the manufacturer's instructions or a professional electrician.
Current (amps) = power (watts) / voltage = 100/240 = 0.42 amps
Yes, the voltage listed on the bulb is the nominal voltage and it will work perfectly on a 120 volt circuit.
A 13.5 volt bulb will burn less brightly but last longer.
no , it will burn out
Yes if it is a 12 volt DC bulb.