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Form factor of an alternating current waveform (signal) is the ratio of the RMS (Root Mean Square) value to the Absolute Average Value (also referred to as the Practical Average Value) of the waveform.


In the case of a sinusoidal wave ie., an analogue wave, the form factor is approximately 1.11.



In the case of a square wave ie., a digital wave, the RMS and the average values are equal; therefore, the form factor is 1.

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Form factor in electrical engineering refers to the ratio of the effective (RMS) value of a periodic waveform to its peak value. It is used to quantify the shape of the waveform and is commonly used in power engineering to calculate the effective value of AC voltage or current. A waveform with a higher form factor indicates a more peaked shape, while a lower form factor indicates a more sinusoidal shape.


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