p-TYPE SUBSTANCE:
If a trivalent element from the IIIrd group such as Gallium (Ga) or Indium (In) is added to pure crystals of germanium (Ge) or silicone (Si), three electrons of impurity form covalent bonds with three atoms of (Ge) or (Si), while there exist a vacancy for an electron in the fourth bond. This vacant space is called Hole. This hole behaves like a positive charge and can move in the structure of substance. Such a substance is called a p-type substance.
n-TYPE SUBSTANCE:
If a pentavalent element from the Vth Group such as Antimony (Sb) is added to pure geranium (Ge) or silicone (Si), then four electrons of (Sb) will form covalent bonds with four (Ge) or (Si) atoms. The fifth electron of 'Sb' is free to move which makes (Ge) or (Si) a good conductor. This type of material is called n-type substance.
Reference: http://www.citycollegiate.com/electronicsXa.htm
n-type and p type has net no charge because the number of proton and electron remain same in a crystal. (shahbaz)
Electrons constitute electronic current in n-type substance and holes constitute conventional current in p-type substance.The motion of electron in a n-type substance is opposite to that of holes in a p-type substance.
pentavalent and trivalent atoms
because in n-type there is a real movement of a free negative charge(electrones not positive holes)
When pentavalent impurity is added to pure semiconductor, it is known as N-Type semiconductor. In N-type semiconductor electrons are majority carriers where as holes are minority carriers. impurities such as Arsenic, antimony are added. When trivalent impurity is added to pure semiconductor, it is know as P-type semiconductor. In P-type semiconductor holes are majority carriers whereas electrons are minority carriers. Impurities such as indium, galium are added.
how can i make p type n type material
n-p-n
if hall voltage is positive then it is p-type & if it is negative then it is n-type semiconductor.
It depend on what type of transister configuration,& the amplifecation factor for (p-n-p) or (n-p-n) type.
n-type and p type has net no charge because the number of proton and electron remain same in a crystal. (shahbaz)
Why n and p type semiconductors are electrically neutral
A p-type semiconductor has an excess of positively charged "holes" in its crystal lattice due to doping with acceptor atoms, while an n-type semiconductor has an excess of negatively charged electrons due to doping with donor atoms. This fundamental difference in charge carriers leads to variations in conductivity and behavior of the two types of semiconductors.
diff. that in n channel & p channel two p type slab in fabricated n type semiconductor & vice -versa
when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined p-n junction diode is formed
In n-type semiconductor, electricity is conducted by NEGATIVE charges (electrons). In a p-type semiconductor, electricity is conducted by POSITIVE charges (holes).
Examples of P-Type Impurities are Boron,Indium and Gallium arsenide Examples of N-Type Impurities are Antimony,Phosphurus
The types of dopant used are: p-type, n-type, p-type respectively.