Substations usually use crushed limestone in the ground design to help minimize GPR (ground potential rise) within the substation. Without getting too technical, it helps keep the step and touch potential within limits so people working in the substation aren't hurt.
the main function of transformer is to change the magnitude of Voltage. difference between step up and step down is step up will change the input voltage into a larger magnitude of output while step down is vice versa
Normal flow of electrons are from positive to a less negative potential. When a potential is applied meaning voltage electrons leave their orbit and move to another nucleus leaving at the same time a hole to be fill out by the next electron coming in. In essence electrons flow one way and holes flow in the opposite direction. It is possible to have -100v flowing into a -90v. electrons do not know what the potential can be raised to all they know is the differential potential of 10 v in this caseAnswerIt doesn't. If flows from a higher potential to a lower potential. Voltage means 'potential difference', which is quite different.A 'higher potential' is conventionally taken as meaning 'more positive', while a 'lower potential' is taken as meaning 'less positive'. The direction of conventional current (plus to minus), therefore, is from a higher potential to a lower potential.Electrons, on the other hand, move from negative to positive, so they move from a 'lower potential' to a 'higher potential'.
its a cycle of events in which information from one step controls or affects a previous step
'Force' isn't measured in volts. Potential and potential difference are measured in volts.
what is step and touch potential?
A step potential is a sudden change in potential energy experienced by a particle when entering a different region with a different potential. This change can lead to reflection, transmission, and tunneling of the particle through the potential barrier. Step potentials are commonly used in quantum mechanics to study the behavior of particles encountering such barriers.
Depolarization
deporalization
to identify all potential hazards associated with each step, including hazards directly connected with the job and equipment, and those potential environmental hazards
to identify all potential hazards associated with each step, including hazards directly connected with the job and equipment, and those potential environmental hazards
identify potential hazards
When there is a potential difference between two points, such as from 1 potential to 0 potential, it means that there is a voltage drop of 1 unit in the direction from higher potential to lower potential. This difference in potential creates an electric field that can drive the flow of electric charge.
'CT' is used to designate current transformers, and 'PT' is used to designate potential transformers. A current transformer provides a ratio of primary current to the secondary. A potential transformer provides a ratio of primary voltage to the secondary. A power transformer (step up or step down) resembles a PT more than a CT.
Execute
Step Potential is the potential Difference between two points on the earth's surface, separated by distance of one pace, that will be assumed to be one meter in the direction of maximum potential gradient (IS 3043) Touch Potential is the potential difference between a grounded metallic structure and a point on the earth's surface separated by a distance equal to the normal maximum horizontal reach, approximately one meter. (IS 3043)
when you are going up a hill by walking you are converting your potential energy into kinetic energy with every step and also storing more and more potential energy with every step if you stop after every step but if you are walking with a certain velocity you possess kinetic energy . At the top of the hill when you stop you possess maximum potential energy.