Radiation pattern is just a map of how the strength of the signal varies around (transmitting) antennas.
For some, like a simple whip antenna, the patttern too is quite simple. For directional antennas they can be quite complicated.
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In Electomagnetics, Radio, Electronics, etc.:An antenna is a structure that couples energy between a circuit (radio, cell phone, etc.) and free space. The plural is antennas.In Biology, Zoology, etc.:An antenna is an organ used to sense the surroundings. The plural is antennae.
A passive antenna is an antenna that is not powered by an amplifier.
end-fire antenna = surface-wave antenna
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The power radiation pattern represents how the radiated power from an antenna is distributed in space. It shows the strength of the radiated power in different directions relative to the antenna. This pattern helps to understand how an antenna radiates energy and is important in designing and evaluating antenna performance.
A smart antenna is used to identify signal signature and to track an antenna beam on the target. Some are for beamforming which is used to create the radiation pattern of the antenna.
The isotropicantenna by definition has a radiation pattern that is a perfect sphere. The omni driectional antenna is characterized by a radiation pattern resembling a doughnut.
can transmit in all directions with a donut shaped radiation pattern.
In open space, infinitely far from material objects, the radiation pattern of a half-wave dipole is a torus (donut), with the radiator (wire) passing straight through the center of the hole. The field strength is maximum in all directions perpendicular to the wire, and zero in the directions off the ends of the wire. The peak field strength is +2.2 dB relative to isotropic.
An asymmetrical polar diagram is a graphical representation of an antenna's radiation pattern that shows variations in signal strength with direction. It can be used to analyze the directionality and coverage of an antenna.
By definition, an isotropic radiator radiates equally well in all directions. A simple vertical whip would have such a pattern in the horizontal field.
The tip of an antenna is commonly referred to as the "radiating element" or "antenna tip." This part is crucial for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves. In certain types of antennas, such as dipoles, the tips are where the current is most concentrated, playing a significant role in determining the antenna's radiation pattern and efficiency.
The radio antenna converts electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy
Counterpoise is used in a dipole vertical antenna to improve its performance by providing a balanced electrical path for the antenna. This helps to reduce common-mode currents and improve the antenna's efficiency in transmitting and receiving signals. By using a counterpoise, the dipole antenna can achieve a better radiation pattern and impedance matching.
A ground plane in a helical antenna acts as a reflector, enhancing the radiation pattern and efficiency of the antenna. It helps to direct the radiated signal in a desired direction and minimizes signal loss due to ground reflections. The ground plane also provides a stable reference point for the antenna structure.