cardioids
Radiation from an antenna can be blocked by using a simple sheet of conducting material. Aluminum foil would work. But you'd have to set things up so whatever it is you are shielding is completely in the electromagnetic shadow of the antenna. Metal screen would work, too, but you'd have to make some calculations as regards the frequency of the radiation you wish to block and the size of the openings in the screen. You can see the items in your microwave heating up, but the radiation can't get out. Same principle.
The VOR works by allowing an aircraft receiver to compare a reference timing signal with a directionally phased difference signal. Originally, the difference signal was generated with a rotating antenna. Today, it is generated electronically, and there are no moving parts.
I believe it is: Loop condition Loop actions And how the loop breaks
A counted loop is a loop that executes the loop's statement a pre-determined number of times. The count represent the exit condition of the loop. A loop that is not counted is an infinite loop.
an antenna that is able to be formed, or bent
The directivity of a small loop antenna is higher than that of a short dipole because the loop antenna is more directional and concentrates radiation in one direction. The ratio can vary depending on the dimensions and configuration of each antenna, but in general, the loop antenna can have a directivity several dB higher than the dipole.
The power radiation pattern represents how the radiated power from an antenna is distributed in space. It shows the strength of the radiated power in different directions relative to the antenna. This pattern helps to understand how an antenna radiates energy and is important in designing and evaluating antenna performance.
A smart antenna is used to identify signal signature and to track an antenna beam on the target. Some are for beamforming which is used to create the radiation pattern of the antenna.
Figure of Eight (8)
Radiation pattern is just a map of how the strength of the signal varies around (transmitting) antennas. For some, like a simple whip antenna, the patttern too is quite simple. For directional antennas they can be quite complicated.
The isotropicantenna by definition has a radiation pattern that is a perfect sphere. The omni driectional antenna is characterized by a radiation pattern resembling a doughnut.
can transmit in all directions with a donut shaped radiation pattern.
A full-wave loop antenna can be interchanged with a folded dipole without much difference. The input impedance is similar and the only difference is in the directivity: a full wave loop radiates along the axis of the loop, while a vertical folded dipole is omnidirectional.
There are two types of loop antenna used in radio, small and large. It is a loop of wire usually circular or square with the circuit (transmitter or receiver) connected at the two adjacent open ends. A large loop is one wavelength in circumference and radiates a wave along the axis of the loop. It can also be thought of as a folded half-wave dipole. A small loop also known as a magnetic loop is one tenth of a wavelength or less in circumference and radiates in the plane of the loop. Used as a receiver, a small loop gives an output signal voltage proportional to the magnetic component of the arriving radio wave. Small loops for receiving can be made from a coil of wire on a ferrite rod, and this type of loop is also called a loopstick antenna. Intermediate-sized loops have a rather unpredictable pattern so tend not be used.
In open space, infinitely far from material objects, the radiation pattern of a half-wave dipole is a torus (donut), with the radiator (wire) passing straight through the center of the hole. The field strength is maximum in all directions perpendicular to the wire, and zero in the directions off the ends of the wire. The peak field strength is +2.2 dB relative to isotropic.
An asymmetrical polar diagram is a graphical representation of an antenna's radiation pattern that shows variations in signal strength with direction. It can be used to analyze the directionality and coverage of an antenna.
By definition, an isotropic radiator radiates equally well in all directions. A simple vertical whip would have such a pattern in the horizontal field.