To tell you that we need to know the resistance of the entire circuit.
If there's nothing else between the ends of the resistor and the power supply, then the voltage across the resistor is 24 volts, and the current through it is 2 amperes.
What is the voltage drop running through resistor one
It doesn't. In a series circuit, the largest voltage drop occurs across the largest resistor; the smallest voltage drop occurs across the smallest resistor.
What is the amount of current flowing through the resistor? Voltage drop is dependent on the current. Ohm x Amps = Voltage drop
12 volts...! The voltage drop across a 2 ohm resistor depends on the current flowing through it. As voltage (E) equals current (I) times resistance (R), if 1/2 amp is flowing through your 2 ohm resistor, 1/2 times 2 = 1 volt. If 1 amp is flowing through your 2 ohm resistor, 1 times 2 = 2 amps. Piece of cake. If the two ohm resistor is the only component in the circuit, it will drop whatever the applied voltage is. Put a 2 ohm resistor across a 6 volt battery, it drops 6 volts. If you put your 2 ohm resistor across a 9 volt battery, it drops 9 volts. Another way to say voltage drop may help. The voltage drop across a resistor is the voltage it "feels" when in a circuit. And that last couple of examples says that very well. In a circuit where a given resistor is the only component, it drops all the voltage in the circuit. It "feels" all the voltage in the circuit. In a circuit where there are 2 resistors of equal value in series, each one drops or "feels" half of the applied voltage. (The sum of the voltage drops equals the applied voltage.) As you work more with simple circuits using resistors in different arrangements with a given voltage source, try thinking of the voltage drop of a resistor as the voltage it "feels" when the circuit is energized.
If there is nothing else in the circuit, then the voltage drop across the resistor will be the full supply voltage of 5 volts. The size of the resistor does not matter in this case - it will always be 5 volts.
If there's nothing else between the ends of the resistor and the power supply, then the voltage across the resistor is 24 volts, and the current through it is 2 amperes.
What is the voltage drop running through resistor one
It doesn't. In a series circuit, the largest voltage drop occurs across the largest resistor; the smallest voltage drop occurs across the smallest resistor.
The question is a bit ambiguous, but I will try to address it. If the 6 ohm resistance is in series with another resistance then some of the 5 volts would be dropped across the 6 ohm resistance and the remainder of the voltage would be dropped across the other resistance. To calculate the voltage, use the 'resistor voltage divider equation' (Google it). If the 5 volts is applied across only a 6 ohm resistance, then the top of the resistor is at 5 volts and the bottom of the resistor would be at 0 volts. The resistor would drop all of the voltage.
You just stated that the voltage across the resistor is 15 volts, so that's your answer ! If the resistor is connected to a 15-V battery or to the output of a 15-V power supply, then a meter across the resistor is also across the power supply, and reads 15 volts. The current through the resistor is (V/R) = (15/2700) = 5.56 mA. The power dissipated by the resistor (and delivered by the battery) is (V2/R) = (225/2700) = 0.083 watt.
The correct question is what is the voltage drop across a resistor or the current flowing through the resistor using Ohm's Law where Voltage = Current x Resistance
The voltage drop across an LED varies, but is typically around 2 volts.
What is the amount of current flowing through the resistor? Voltage drop is dependent on the current. Ohm x Amps = Voltage drop
12 volts
A resistor in parallel with a voltages source will not cause the voltage to drop, theoretically. To get a 20 volt drop you need a resistance in series, and the number of ohms is 20 divided by the current in amps. If the current is unknown or variable, the voltage can't be dropped by using a resistor.
You will need to take the resistance of the load into account if you are going to design a voltage divider. The resistance of the load can completely change the voltage ratio of a voltage divider if not factored into the calculation. you can measure or read R(load), then R(needed) = 0.8 R(load)