Schottky
Zener diodes are normally operated in their reverse breakdown voltage curve.
First off, I don't know if by current flow you mean conventional current flow or electron current flow. You realize they are in opposite directions and most electronics engineers use conventional current flow in circuit analysis.Ignoring this, I will assume your real question is "Why does current flow backwards in zener diodes compared to ordinary diodes?" The answer is that zener diodes are not operated in the forward biased range as are ordinary diodes, instead they are operated in the reverse biased range. When reverse biased enough any diode reaches breakdown voltage and suddenly conducts. Most ordinary diodes can be destroyed by breakdown, but zener diodes are designed to tolerate it. In zener diodes, this breakdown is referred to as "zener breakdown" and the voltage it happens at the "zener voltage".Low voltage zener diodes can still be used in the forward biased mode, like ordinary diodes. However most high voltage zener diodes have a "blocking diode" that is not documented on the data sheet to block forward biased operation. "Blocking diodes" are simply ordinary diodes wired in series with the zener; when the zener would be forward biased they are reverse biased (and thus blocking current), when the zener would be reverse biased they are forward biased.
Because if you forward-biased them they would always conduct, even in total darkness.
four diodes
Reverse resistance should be infinite.
Absolutely not. An ideal diode's characteristic would be perfect conduction in the forward direction and perfect insulation (no conduction) in the reverse direction. Silicon diodes come respectably close.
Zener diodes are normally operated in their reverse breakdown voltage curve.
forward drop, reverse breakdown voltage, power rating. hope that's what you wanted.
A silicon diode has a voltage drop of approximately 0.7V, while a germanium diode has a voltage drop of approximately 0.3V. Though germanium diodes are better in the area of forward voltage drop, silicon diodes are cheaper to produce and have higher breakdown voltages and current capabilities.
First off, I don't know if by current flow you mean conventional current flow or electron current flow. You realize they are in opposite directions and most electronics engineers use conventional current flow in circuit analysis.Ignoring this, I will assume your real question is "Why does current flow backwards in zener diodes compared to ordinary diodes?" The answer is that zener diodes are not operated in the forward biased range as are ordinary diodes, instead they are operated in the reverse biased range. When reverse biased enough any diode reaches breakdown voltage and suddenly conducts. Most ordinary diodes can be destroyed by breakdown, but zener diodes are designed to tolerate it. In zener diodes, this breakdown is referred to as "zener breakdown" and the voltage it happens at the "zener voltage".Low voltage zener diodes can still be used in the forward biased mode, like ordinary diodes. However most high voltage zener diodes have a "blocking diode" that is not documented on the data sheet to block forward biased operation. "Blocking diodes" are simply ordinary diodes wired in series with the zener; when the zener would be forward biased they are reverse biased (and thus blocking current), when the zener would be reverse biased they are forward biased.
Because if you forward-biased them they would always conduct, even in total darkness.
Zero current flow when reverse biased, zero voltage drop when forward biased.
Zeners are manufactured to have exact reverse breakdown voltage. All this means is if a 10 volt Zener is installed in series with a load dropping resistor, and a voltage higher than 10 volts is across both components, the Zener will breakover and present that 10 volts to any component in parallel with it. Volts go to 20, Zener holds at 10, resistor sees the other 10 volts. Zeners operate safely in the breakover region while normal junction diodes operate in forward voltage.
It is not really necessary for 2 diodes of full wave rectifier to be identical. However, it must be understood that the two diodes will have the same forward current, and the same reverse voltage, applied to them, so their ratings should be comparable.
four diodes
There are two diode ratings. One is the forward current rating, and the other is the reverse breakdown voltage rating. The forward current rating is the maximum current that the diode can conduct before failing, and the reverse breakdown voltage rating is the maximum reverse voltage that can be applied before failing. Of course, the reverse voltage rating has a different meaning in a zener diode, but this answer applies to ordinary diodes.
The most important specifications of a diode are:maximum forward currentpeak inverse voltage (aka maximum reverse voltage)reverse leakage currentreverse turnoff time (very important in high speed switching diodes)maximum power dissipation (only given for power rectifier diodes)forward bias knee voltageparasitic capacitance (only important in high frequency applications)All of this and more can be found in the datasheet for the diode.