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Why would a electrical meter read the cumulative maximum demand and not just the maximum demand?
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
Demand charges are related to the maximum kW drawn during a particular time window, typically 15 or 30 minutes. The single largest window sets the demand charge for the month. While the average kW may be much lower, the utilities must install transmission and distribution systems to handle the much higher peak kW drawn during certain periods. The demand charge is supposed to compensate the utility for the added cost of the larger lines, Transformers, etc. needed to handle the peaks.
Simply recording the maximum demand would mean that just starting a large electric motor could send your demand charge sky high (remember that some motors draw 7-10 times their running current on start up!), yet the momentary spike in current draw would not require a distribution system that was 10 times larger.
On the other hand, say you used a 100kW motor for 50 minutes an hour. Your neighbor uses a 1000kW motor for 5 minutes an hour. You both consumed the exact same kWh, yet the utility would have to install a distribution system that was 10 times larger to serve your neighbor. That is the type of consumption a cumulative demand window is designed to capture. Your neighbor would be paying for the extra cost involved in the 1000kW distribution system, even though he only needs it for 5 minutes an hour.
Demand charges are an excellent incentive to do load leveling, or so-called peak shaving, and a huge industry has grown out of that reason.
Cumulative demand is the addition of each billing period [average over the window] maximum demand as described above. This value can be used to assure that no reset of billing period data has been missed - no missing billing periods. The utility can use the cumulative demand collected with the previous billing, and add to that the current billing period's max. Dmd., and the result should be the meter's current maximum demand. If the values do not match, a maximum demand for some billing period has not been collected correctly. If someone broke the seal on the meter, and caused the meter to start a new billing period to attempt to avoid paying for an earlier maximum demand, it would be detected.
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
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