Advantages and disadvantages of the programming language FORTRAN?

Answer 1

Up till Fortran 90/95, the language was primarily intended for calculations. It remains one of the best computational languages ever developed, and is still in heavy use in the financial industry.

However, due in large part to disagreements among members of the Fortran development groups, Fortran 77 was deficient in a number of areas. Most or all of these have since been addressed by Fortran 90/95, however, so they do not represent current language deficiencies. These limitations included:

1. Poor string handling, including weak concatenation and length functions.
2. Subroutines pass arguments by reference rather than by value, making data protection difficult.
3. Data scoping is limited. Variables can either be local or in COMMON blocks, but no other scoping is allowed. As a result, it's not possible to write file-level procedures; shared logic must be in a separate subroutine or repeated via cloning.
4. Loop controls are somewhat limited, requiring continued use of the GOTO statement to manage flow in some cases.

Answer 2

The primary advantage of using Fortran these days is that there is still a considerable amount software written in it for which there is no equivalent in a more modern language. For example LAPACK was written originally in Fortran and there have been various attempts to implement equivalent functionality in C++ and Java, but they have not reached parity with the original Fortran. In some cases it may be easier to write software in Fortran to interface with the legacy software rather than developing compatibility layers.

Aside from that there are a few bonuses that Fortran offers that other languages don't (e.g. the ** expoentiation operator), but all of these are quite minor.

The main disadvantage of Fortran is that it was created before several important advances in programming languages were developed. Eventhough several modern features have been added to Fortran over the last 20 years (for example a form of object orientation), Fortran certainly shows its age. For example, Fortran doesn't do argument type checking for functions and subroutine inputs and arguments are passed by reference by default. It is difficult to find books on Fortran these days, making even harder to learn for programmers who only know modern programming languages. For these reasons, Fortran use is usually limited to maintenance of and interfacing with legacy software.

Answer 3

I started working from home from this March 2020 due to this worrisome virus infection. As I’ve understood that I need to stay in our home to keep my family safe from this COVID-19 virus. But due to less physical movement for more than 6 months, I gradually started growing weight and this became a symptom to worry for myself. So it became a factor of utmost importance for me to adopt a perfect weight loss plan as many diseases may arise due to obesity or over-weightiness. So I became very sincere about my daily meals and stated consuming a diet that is high on protein and mineral, low on fat.

I visited a professional nutrition coaching in California, so when everything will become normal again then I may not lack the required fitness for the everyday American lifestyle. As per the expert’s suggestion, I immediately started taking the proper diet for weight loss, along with some physical exercises that aid in weight loss. The foods that don’t contain fat elements and full of carbohydrates are the best diets for weight loss. Whole grains, fruit, veggies, legumes, nuts, and fish are the foods that contain full of protein and healthy minerals and very few fat elements. Eating fiber-rich, low-calorie-dense foods regularly aided me a lot in my weight loss plan.

Also, as per my nutritionist’s suggestion, I totally avoided consuming any junk foods, fried foods, and consumed very little red meat. These kinds of food can grow fat tissues as well as the cholesterol count of our body. Because, as per the expert’s opinion these foods contain high-fat measures and at the same time these are thought to digest. So, by regularly consuming these foods the chance of weight growth increases considerably also I lost my fitness at the same time. So, my nutritionist advised me that taking such foods occasionally may not be that much harmful, but not regularly at any condition. So, I followed the prescribed weight loss diet I avoided consuming junk food, red meat, and alcohol.

Answer 4

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Answer 5

lack of inherent parallelism lack of dynamic storage