Requirement of REF protection for 50KVA 11KV/.4KV transforemr
The function of a neutral earth resistor is to limit any fault current resulting from fault between a line conductor and earth.
Ground / earth protection will not impact cable sizing.
I'm guessing this is in reference to a restricted earth fault, and you want to know what the opposite is? Restricted earth fault protection is designed to operate for earth faults within a specific zone. Unrestricted protection will operate for faults "anywhere", as long as the pickup can be satisfied. For example, REF (restricted earth fault) transformer protection looks for a small amount of neutral current, and if this exists, and the relay identifies this current as being within the zone of protection, the relay will trip. If it were unrestricted, the small amount of neutral current alone would be enough to cause a trip.
They both reduce earth fault levels by inserting impedance in the return path. A reactor is used when the earth fault level wanted is greater than about 25% of the phase fault current. This limit is due to over voltages experienced in arcing faults, the higher the reactor impedance the higher the potential overvoltage. With resistors lower fault levels are possible, but as the resistor has to dissipate all energy it will generally be more expensive and larger than a reactor.
It depends on the shunt feedback resistor on the op-amp, for example with a 10k feedback resistor connecting the output to the inverting input, 1 mA input current gives 10 volts signal output. The input terminal stays near zero voltage because of the high open-loop gain of the op-amp, so the inverting input is termed a 'virtual earth'.
To determine the value of Stabilizing resistor Rs = Vs/Is = If(Rct +2Rl)/Is Where, Rs = resistance value of the stabilizing resistor Vs = voltage at which the relay will operate Is = current flowing through the stabilizing resitor and the relay If = maximum secondary fault current magnitude Rct = internal resistance of the current transformer Rl = resistance of attached wire leads
YES
The high latent heat of water.
There is such a thing as a three phase to earth fault, so maybe this is what you mean by a "balanced earth fault". I don't believe any earth or ground currents would flow in this case. A restricted earth fault is a typical phase to earth fault, where the zone of protection is restricted to a specific area, such as around a transformer. "Restricted" is referring to the protection method, not what is actually going on with the currents and voltages.
The function of a neutral earth resistor is to limit any fault current resulting from fault between a line conductor and earth.
The Earth's companion in space is the Moon. It is the only natural satellite of the Earth and plays a crucial role in influencing ocean tides and stabilizing the Earth's rotation.
365 Days
the moon creats earths tides! It also effects the planet by stabilizing the rotation of earth!
how long distance of electric earth cable , between point or manhole ,what calculation to make good earthing in building how long distance of electric earth cable , between point or manhole ,what calculation to make good earthing in building how long distance of electric earth cable , between point or manhole ,what calculation to make good earthing in building
The Earth companion is commonly referred to as the Moon. It is Earth's only natural satellite and plays a significant role in various aspects of our planet, including tides and stabilizing our rotation.
The calculation regarding the age of the Earth was made by scientists using methods such as radiometric dating of rocks and minerals. By measuring the decay of radioactive elements in these materials, scientists have estimated that the Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years old.
A Restricted Earth Fault (REF) refers to a method of fault protection that is applied to electrical system units, such as transformers or generators, that is more sensitive than the method known as Differential Protection (DP).An REF relay works by measuring the actual current flowing to earth from the frame of the unit. If that current exceeds a certain preset maximum value of milliamps (mA) then the relay will trip to cut off the power supply to the unit.REF protection is applied on transformers in order to detect ground faults on a given winding more sensitively than when only using differential protection.Differential Protection is commonly used to protect the windings of a transformer by comparing the current in the power supply's neutral wire with the current in the phase wire. If the currents are equal then the DP Relay will not operate. If there is a current imbalance then the DP Relay operates.REF and DP protection devices operate in similar ways to a GFCI or RCD device, which combines both REF and DP functions inside the one single device.For more information about GFCIs and RCDs, please see the answer to the Related Question shown below.