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In a properly designed and terminated transmission line, the electrical length is infinity. Any discontinuity in the line, such as an open, short, or change in impedance, results in a reflection of the travelling wave in the line. That reflection distorts the original signal and, if big enough, can damage things, like the transmitter.

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Why are transmission lines less than 80km considered short?

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This makes no sense. You need to define what you mean by "distributed facts".


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Why transmission lines are thicker than TV cable wires?

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