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Both dc generator & dc motor are the same and known dc machine.when we give an electrical supply to the dc machine a torque developed due to flux intraction & works as motor.but we used dc machine as a generator we rotate the rotor or prime mover by using external sourse.due to this the rotor conductors cut by the stationary magnetic field and electrical power is generated as per faradays law.

Here the main difference is when we giving electrical energy to the rotor of dc machine produce torque(motor)but when we give the mechanical energy to rotor it produce electrical energy(generator)

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