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Biosensors use ion and gradients to create electrical charges that are sent through nerve cells. For example, when you touch a surface, such as a table This is the reason you can feel hot and cold, pain and pleasure, etc. Ions are the products of salts in a solution. Ion gradients are not always used in this process though. For example, many of the chemoreceptor cells use neurochemicals such as serotonin to send messages to the central nervous system. While these organic molecules are not ions, they are polar and electronegative, giving them a slight charge.

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