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Why is it the RC phase shift oscillators work at audio frequencies?
RC phase shift oscillators work at audio frequencies primarily due to the characteristics of the RC components used in their design. The resistors and capacitors create a phase shift that can be tuned to produce oscillations at lower frequencies, typically in the audio range (20 Hz to 20 kHz). The phase shift network, usually consisting of multiple RC stages, is designed to provide a total phase shift of 360 degrees, allowing for sustained oscillations at these frequencies. Additionally, the active components, like transistors or op-amps, ensure stable gain and feedback necessary for the oscillator's operation.
What is Barkhausen criteria for oscillation?
Looking at the expression, we note that when AB = -1, the gain is infinite this represents the condition for oscillation The requirements for oscillation are described by the Barkhausen criterion: The magnitude of the loop gain AB must be 1 The phase shift of the loop gain AB must be 180,or 180 plus an integer multiple of 360. It should be mentioned that the criterion is necessary but not sufficient. The criterion is just an observation based on the assumption of a linear circuit.
What should be the phase margin and gain margin For stability?
A very high gain margin or phase margin produces stable feedback systems, however they may be sluggish in operation. If the gain margin is close to unity of the phase margin is close to zero, the system will be highly oscillatory and produce overshoots with large amplitudes that take a while to settle. Having a gain of 6 dB or phase margin of 30 - 35 degrees will give you a relatively stable system. However there exists cases where this may not be so. :-)
Why gain rolls off at high frequency in op-amp?
Gain rolls off at high frequencies in op-amps primarily due to the internal capacitances and the finite bandwidth of the amplifier. As frequency increases, the phase shift introduced by these capacitances can lead to reduced gain, a phenomenon described by the gain-bandwidth product. Additionally, the feedback network and the op-amp's output impedance can further contribute to this roll-off. Overall, these factors limit the op-amp's ability to maintain its gain at higher frequencies.
Why only low frequencies are used in hartley oscillators?
an Hartley oscillator uses a tapped inductor ( i.e an inductor with an additional connection at a suitable position in turns of the coil. ) with a specific tap ratio as per the circuit gain and design. For Low Frequency oscillators large inductances are required which have large number of coil turns. It is possible to get suitable ratios for such values hence this circuit is prefered.
Why is it the RC phase shift oscillators work at audio frequencies?
RC phase shift oscillators work at audio frequencies primarily due to the characteristics of the RC components used in their design. The resistors and capacitors create a phase shift that can be tuned to produce oscillations at lower frequencies, typically in the audio range (20 Hz to 20 kHz). The phase shift network, usually consisting of multiple RC stages, is designed to provide a total phase shift of 360 degrees, allowing for sustained oscillations at these frequencies. Additionally, the active components, like transistors or op-amps, ensure stable gain and feedback necessary for the oscillator's operation.
Closed loop gain for feedback oscillators?
Feedback oscillators have a closed loop gain of
Feedback oscillators have a closed loop gain of?
unity
How phase shift oscillator introduces phase shaft of 180 degree?
You mean "how does a phase shift oscillator introduce a phase shift of 180 degrees?" OK, we need two things for this type of oscillator: 1. A loop gain of more than 1.0, 2. A loop phase shift of zero degrees. The PSO achieves the gain using a valve, transistor, or op amp. It achieves the loop phase shift using (i) an inverting amplifier, equal to a phase shift of 180º, plus (ii) a network (usually resistor-capacitor) with a further phase shift of 180º. The loop shift is thus (180+180) = 360º/ zero degrees. It's easiest to use a three-part phase shift network, as the theoretically-possible two-part is difficult to make work, and the four-part is unneccessarily complex. The required phase shift of exactly 180º occurs at only one frequency, determined by the values of R and C.
How oscillator are produced in RC-phase shift oscillator?
In an RC phase shift oscillator, oscillations are produced by the feedback network consisting of resistors and capacitors connected in a specific configuration to generate a 180-degree phase shift at the desired frequency. This phase shift, along with the inverting amplifier stage, satisfies the Barkhausen stability criterion for oscillation to occur. The loop gain of the circuit is unity and the phase shift of the feedback network is carefully controlled to ensure sustained oscillations at the desired frequency.
What are the advantages and disadvantages in using common collector amplifier?
Current gain. At the cost of no voltage gain.
Why do you get a inverted waveform when a AC signal is passed to a amplifier?
Due to its negative gain and 180' phase shift between base and collector
What is the implication of negative voltage gain?
If the input and output are expressed in volts, then negative gain means a 180° phase shift. If the ratio of output to input is expressed in dB, then negative gain means attenuation, i.e., less power out than power in.
How complex numbers are used in determining gain of a system?
Since complex numbers can be expressed as magnitude and angle, a plot of a system's response can be approximated with a Bode plot (see related link). The gain is the magnitude, and the phase shift is the angle change of the system.
What is the various condition of a general oscillator?
The condition is called Barkausen criteria.They are 1. The loop gain of the circuit should be unity. 2. The total phase shift around the circuit should be zero.
What is the purpose of a phase-shift network in a Wien bridge oscillator?
A Wien bridge oscillator produces sine waves. In order for the sine waves to maintain a steady amplitude, a positive feedback system is used with some sort of control to limit gain. In order for the positive feedback system to work, the waves being "fed back" to the amplifier have to be in phase with the waves being generated. Thus, you need a phase shift network to ensure that the phases of the waves match, which in the case of a positive feedback system means that the generated waves need to go through a 360o phase shift during the feedback process.
How do you calculate capital gain on property?
To calculate capital gain on property, subtract the property's purchase price from the selling price. This difference is the capital gain.
