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Engineers often use 'models' to represent the behaviour of complicated devices such as machines. In the case of Transformers, these 'models' are more-usually called 'equivalent circuits' -schematic diagrams, using simple resistors and inductors, to simulate the operation of the transformer, and to help us construct the transformer's phasor diagrams.

The simplest equivalent circuit, which can be considered a 'first approximation' of the transformer's behavioiur, is commonly called an 'ideal transformer', and only accounts for the transformer's ability to step up or step down the primary voltage and secondary current.

The 'second approximation' equivalent circuit, takes into account the core losses and magnetising current.

The 'third approximation' equivalent circuit takes into account the resistance and leakage reactance of the primary and secondary circuits, responsible for the regulation of the transformer, and it takes into account both the core losses and the copper losses. The 'third approximation' equivalent circuit, therefore, can be considered the most accurate equivalent circuit.

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11y ago

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