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Pretty much the same way it works in any type of architecture. If it's distributed it just means it can span multiple databases of different types.

Database changes required by a transaction are initially stored temporarily by each database. The transaction monitor then issues a "pre-commit" command to each database which requires an acknowledgement. If the monitor receives the appropriate response from each database, the monitor issues the "commit" command, which causes all databases to simultaneously make the transaction changes permanent.

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Determination of database requirements is part of this process?

System Analysis.


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In computer networking and databases, the three-phase commit protocol (3PC)[1] is a distributed algorithm which lets all nodes in adistributed system agree to commit a transaction. Unlike the two-phase commit protocol (2PC) however, 3PC is non-blocking. Specifically, 3PC places an upper bound on the amount of time required before a transaction either commits or aborts. This property ensures that if a given transaction is attempting to commit via 3PC and holds some resource locks, it will release the locks after the timeout.3PC was originally described by Dale Skeen and Michael Stonebraker in their paper, "A Formal Model of Crash Recovery in a Distributed System"[1]. In that work, they modeled 2PC as a system of non-deterministic finite state automata and proved that it is not resilient to a random single site failure. The basic observation is that in 2PC, while one site is in the "prepared to commit" state, the other may be in either the "commit" or the "abort" state. From this analysis, they developed 3PC to avoid such states and it is thus resilient to such failures.


What is 2pc protocol?

The 2-phase commit (2PC) protocol is a distributed algorithm to ensure the consistent termination of a transaction in a distributed environment. Thus, via 2PC an unanimous decision is reached and enforced among multiple participating servers whether to commit or abort a given transaction, thereby guaranteeing atomicity. The protocol proceeds in two phases, namely the prepare (or voting) and the commit (or decision) phase, which explains the protocol's name.


Difference between 2-phase locking and 2-phase commit?

2PC and 2PL are protocols used in conjunction with distributed databases. Both together are The two phase lock protocol (2PL) deals uniquely with the fact how are locks are acquired during a transaction whereas the two phase commit (2PC) protocol deals with the fact how do multiple hosts decide wether one specific transaction is written (commited) or not (abort). 2PL sais that first there is a phase where locks are (during a transaction) acquired (growth phase) and then there is a phase where the locks are beeing removed (shrinking phase). Once the shrinking phase started no more locks can be acquired during this transaction. The shrinking phase usually takes place after an abort or a commit phase in a typical database system. The essence of 2PC is that after a transaction is complete and should be commited a vote starts. Each node which is part of the transaction is asked to "prepare to commit". The node will then check wether a local commit is possible and if yes it votes with "ready to commit" (RTC) [Important: changes are not beeing written to the database at that point]. Once a node signaled RTC the system must be kept in a state where the transaction is allways commitable. If all nodes signal RTC the transaction the transaction master signals them a commit. If one of the nodes does not signal RTC the transaction master will signal abort to all local transactions.


Difference between 2-phase commit and 3-phase commit?

In a 2-phase commit protocol, there are two phases: prepare and commit. The coordinator asks all participants to prepare to commit, then all participants either agree or abort. In a 3-phase commit protocol, there are three phases: can-commit, pre-commit, and do-commit. This adds an extra phase to ensure better fault tolerance and improve the likelihood of reaching a decision.


What phase of the budget process is the Air Force's budget put into action and funds are distributed and used?

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