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An unloading valve (or switch) is designed to cycle the machine (typically a compressor) when it reaches control pressure, by cutting off the air supply to the machine, so that there is no air being compressed.

A relief valve is placed on the outlet from the machine, or the inlet to the machine being supplied the compressed air (or hydraulics, for hydraulic systems) such that, if the machine over-pressures the system, the relief valve opens and dumps the excess pressure back to the inlet side of the machine, to a holding tank or some other receptacle. For air compressors it could dump air to atmosphere. As the pressure builds, the relief valve will open more and more to relieve the excess.

Safety valves should also be installed on outlets from compressors to immediately prevent the compressor from damaging the machine or system as a result of over-pressurizing it. Safeties open when relief valves can't control the over-pressure.

These three very different valves are not interchangeable.

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