Yes, all piezoelectric materials exhibit the reverse piezoelectric effect. A piezoelectric material is one that generates an electric field or electric potential in response to applied mechanical stress. Therefore, in the reverse case, passing an electric current through the material or an electric potential across the material, will cause it to contract or elongate, depending on the direction of the current. One of the best example of this is lead zirconate titanate which will contract/elongate up to about 0.1% of the original dimensions.
Great question: A piezoelectric material such as quartz might a very long time, but they do age. But for applications where absolute frequency stability is needed, other methods are used. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_oscillator
The vast majority of devices that use piezoelectric crystals (piezoelectric buzzers, fish finders, atomic force microscopes, etc.) use crystals of lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The crystal oscillator in a computer or digital clock uses the piezoelectric effect, but it is usually made of pure quartz (silicon dioxide). Many different crystals and other materials exhibit the piezoelectric effect, including quartz crystals, cane sugar, and bone.
Piezoelectric materials have been integrated with silicon microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in both microsensor and microactuator applications. Some recent and emerging applications of piezoelectric MEMS are acoustic emission microsensors, vibration monitors, molecular recognition biosensors, precision positioners, micropumps, and linear stepper motors. - See more at: http://www.chacha.com/question/how-are-piezoelectric-materials-that-contain-silicon-used-in-science-and-industry#sthash.EpLIkFTw.dpuf
Piezoelectric crystals operate primarily in two modes: direct and converse piezoelectric effect. In the direct mode, mechanical stress applied to the crystal generates an electrical charge, making it useful in sensors and actuators. In the converse mode, applying an electric field causes the crystal to change shape, which is utilized in applications like speakers and precision positioning devices. These modes enable piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa.
To initiate a piezoelectric reaction, mechanical stress or pressure must be applied to the piezoelectric material. This can be done through activities such as bending, twisting, or compressing the material. When stress is applied, the material generates an electric charge due to the piezoelectric effect.
quartz
A piezoelectric crystal is a material that can generate an electric charge when mechanical stress is applied to it, or deform when an electric field is applied to it. It is commonly used in sensors, transducers, and actuators in various electronic devices and applications.
Lead zirconate titanate
Piezoelectric microphones work by converting mechanical vibrations (sound waves) into electrical signals. When sound waves hit the piezoelectric material in the microphone, it generates tiny electrical charges proportional to the sound pressure. These electrical signals are then amplified and processed to produce audio recordings or for use in communication systems.
If an electric current is passed through a piezoelectric material, it will cause the material to deform or produce mechanical vibrations. An application of this phenomenon is in piezoelectric sensors, where the electrical signal generated by the material's deformation is detected and used for various purposes such as pressure sensing, ultrasonic transducers, and touch screens.
The power produced from piezoelectric materials can vary depending on factors like the size of the material, the force applied, and the efficiency of the energy conversion process. Generally, piezoelectric materials can generate milliwatts to a few watts of power.
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When piezoelectricity material is squeezed, it produces electricity. This is the esseantial idea about piezo materials.
Piezoelectric materials typical experience a reduction in the remnant polarization. The effectively reduces the coupling between mechanical and electrical energy reducing the electro-mechanical coupling coefficient.
Piezoelectric crystals have unique properties. If you strike them (not too hard), they produce a high voltage pulse. If you apply electricity to them, they swell. If you just tag them with a pulse of electricity, they ring at their modal frequency. These properties allow them to be used in many applications. The following are just a couple examples of their use. Disposable lighters that don't have flint use a piezoelectric crystal to generate an arc that ignites the gas. Accelerometers use piezoelectric crystals to generate signals proportional to how fast something is accelerating. In electronics, piezoelectric crystals are used to generate master timing signals.
To make a piezoelectric crystal, you need to start with a material that exhibits piezoelectric properties, such as quartz or certain ceramics. These materials can be shaped into a crystal form through processes like cutting, grinding, and polishing. Once the crystal is formed, electrodes can be attached to it to allow for the generation of an electric charge when mechanical stress is applied. This process requires precision and expertise to ensure the crystal functions effectively as a piezoelectric device.