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Young's modulus is defined as the ration of stress to strain for a given material below the limit of proportionality (the elastic limit). So Young's modulus is calculated by the formula: Stress/Strain is equal to young's modulus. Stress is defined as the force per unit area of cross-section below the limit of proportionality. So the formula is: Force (in newtons)/ Cross sectional area (in square metres). This would give the units Newtons per square metre which is written Nm-2 which is exactly the same as the Pascal (Pa); either can be used. Strain is defined as the fractional change in length produced when a body is subjected to stress. It's formula is: Change in length produced (in metres)/ Original legth (in metres). There are no units as it is a ratio of two values that have the same unit. So Young's Modulus has the formula: (Force/area)/(change in length/original length). This can be simplified to Stress/Strain (the amount of stress a body has to undergo to produce a certain amount of strain. The unit for stress is the Pascal (Pa) and there are no units for strain so overall, the unit for Young's Modulus is the Pascal (Pa) or Nm-2.

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