answersLogoWhite

0

IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, A SPACE-TIME OR TIME-MEMORY TRADEOFF IS A SITUATION WHERE THE MEMORY USE CAN BE REDUCED AT THE COST OF SLOWER PROGRAM EXECUTION (OR, VICE VERSA, THE COMPUTATION TIME CAN BE REDUCED AT THE COST OF INCREASED MEMORY USE). AS THE RELATIVE COSTS OF CPU CYCLES, RAM SPACE, AND HARD DRIVE SPACE CHANGE HARD DRIVE SPACE HAS FOR SOME TIME BEEN GETTING CHEAPER AT A MUCH FASTER RATE THAN OTHER COMPONENTS OF COMPUTERS. THE APPROPRIATE CHOICES FOR SPACE-TIME TRADEOFFS HAVE CHANGED RADICALLY. OFTEN, BY EXPLOITING A SPACE-TIME TRADEOFF, A PROGRAM CAN BE MADE TO RUN MUCH FASTER.

THE MOST COMMON SITUATION IS AN ALGORITHM INVOLVING A LOOKUP TABLE: AN IMPLEMENTATION CAN INCLUDE THE ENTIRE TABLE, WHICH REDUCES COMPUTING TIME, BUT INCREASES THE AMOUNT OF MEMORY NEEDED, OR IT CAN COMPUTE TABLE ENTRIES AS NEEDED, INCREASING COMPUTING TIME, BUT REDUCING MEMORY REQUIREMENTS. A SPACE-TIME TRADEOFF CAN BE APPLIED TO THE PROBLEM OF DATA STORAGE. IF DATA IS STORED UNCOMPRESSED, IT TAKES MORE SPACE BUT LESS TIME THAN IF THE DATA WERE STORED COMPRESSED (SINCE COMPRESSING THE DATA REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF SPACE IT TAKES, BUT IT TAKES TIME TO RUN THECOMPRESSION ALGORITHM). DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR INSTANCE OF THE PROBLEM, EITHER WAY IS PRACTICAL. ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS DISPLAYING MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE ON PRIMARILY TEXT-BASED WEBSITES, SUCH AS WIKIPEDIA.

Storing only the LaTeX source and rendering it as an image every time the page is requested would be trading time for space - more time used, but less space. Rendering the image when the page is changed and storing the rendered images would be trading space for time - more space used, but less time. Note that there are also rare instances where it is possible to directly work with compressed data, such as in the case of compressed bitmap indices, where it is faster to work with compression than without compression. Larger code size can be traded for higher program speed when applying loop unrolling. This technique makes the code longer for each iteration of a loop, but saves the computation time required for jumping back to the beginning of the loop at the end of each iteration. Algorithms that also make use of space-time tradeoffs include:

BABY-STEP GIANT-STEP ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING DISCRETE LOGARITHMS.

RAINBOW TABLES IN CRYPTOGRAPHY, WHERE THE ADVERSARY IS TRYING TO DO BETTER THAN THE EXPONENTIAL TIME REQUIRED FOR A BRUTE FORCE ATTACK. RAINBOW TABLES USE PARTIALLY PRECOMPUTED VALUES IN THE HASH SPACE OF A CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH FUNCTION TO CRACK PASSWORDS IN MINUTES INSTEAD OF WEEKS. DECREASING THE SIZE OF THE RAINBOW TABLE INCREASES THE TIME REQUIRED TO ITERATE OVER THE HASH SPACE.

THE MEET-IN-THE-MIDDLE ATTACK USES A SPACE-TIME TRADEOFF TO FIND THE CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY IN ONLY 2N + 1 ENCRYPTIONS (AND O(2N) SPACE) VERSUS THE EXPECTED 22N ENCRYPTIONS (BUT ONLY O(1) SPACE) OF THE NAIVE ATTACK.

DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING, WHERE THE TIME COMPLEXITY OF A PROBLEM CAN BE REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY BY USING MORE MEMORY.

User Avatar

Wiki User

14y ago

What else can I help you with?

Related Questions

Every data structure in data warehouse contains time element?

Every data structure in the data warehouse contains the time element. Why?


Case complexity in data structure algorithms?

The complexity of an algorithm is the function which gives the running time and/or space in terms of the input size.


What is the space complexity of an adjacency list data structure?

The space complexity of an adjacency list data structure is O(V E), where V is the number of vertices and E is the number of edges in the graph.


What is the lookup time for a hashset data structure?

The lookup time for a HashSet data structure is typically O(1), which means it is constant time and does not depend on the number of elements in the set.


What is the time complexity of operations in a B-tree data structure?

The time complexity of operations in a B-tree data structure is O(log n), where n is the number of elements in the tree.


What is the time complexity of removing an element from a heap data structure?

The time complexity of removing an element from a heap data structure is O(log n), where n is the number of elements in the heap.


What are the subject-matters of data structure?

types of data structure types of data structure


What is the main purpose of the structure?

To arrange data in a particular manner.these manner or set of rules is defined in the data structure so that the data used in computer systems can properly used at necessary time.


How do you amend a data structure?

How do you amend a data structure?


What is the time complexity of operations in a hashset data structure?

The time complexity of operations in a hashset data structure is typically O(1) for insertion, deletion, and search operations. This means that these operations have constant time complexity, regardless of the size of the hashset.


What are the goals of data structure?

To arrange data in a particular manner.these manner or set of rules is defined in the data structure so that the data used in computer systems can properly used at necessary time.


What is the difference between allocation and search data structure?

difference between serch data structure and allocation data structure