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The concept of external variable has different meanings from language to language. The primary context in which the phrase is used is in the C and C++ programming languages. The concept is commonly incorrectly explained on the web. Please refer to a real c++ programming text for finality. In C and C++, keyword extern means either of two things, dependent on context. When applied to the declaration of a variable , extern tells the compiler that said variable will be found in the symbol table of a different translation unit. This is used to expose variables in one implementation file to a different implementation file. It is important to understand that the external declaration is not resolved by the compiler, but instead by the linker, meaning that extern is a legitimate mechanism to install modularity at the compiler level; if, for example, you create a debug and a release version of a library , you can switch between the two simply by loading one or the other, without recompiling either library or the things dependent thereupon. When applied to the instantation of a variable, extern promotes that variable into the symbol table of the translation unit. This is frequently misunderstood to mean that the variable is global; this is incorrect. The variable must already be global for externality to make sense. What this actually means is that the symbol may be referenced from other translation units. There must be a single implementation of the variable somewhere, marked extern (typically in the header,) for other translation units to refer to the variable. Unfortunately, externality is frequently misrepresented as an issue of scope; scope has nothing to do with externality. Scope is an issue of symbol availability and symbol conflict resolution not terribly unlike namespaces. Externs are always global, and thus scope is essentially a foreign concept. Never the twain shall meet. It is incorrect to say that variables in global scope must be externed within the scope of any function that depends upon those globals. Two important uses of externality are common: preventing circular references (in a fashion similar to the section declarations of languages like Pascal) and preventing compiled dependency chains. In the latter case, consider the example of a video game with a large amount of graphic resources. If the game code is portable, the author cannot rely on compiler extensions like binary inclusion, and therefore must convert their resources to arrays and compile them into the application from source. Because those resources are physically huge, compiling them can take a long time. If these resources are kept each in their own translation unit, however, and referenced as extern from other TUs, then when those other TUs are recompiled, the graphics are just re-linked, meaning they only need to be compiled the once. The effect described above can serve a similarly important role in breaking the recompile chain which otherwise would form from a huge stack of inclusions, by keeping things in separate TUs and therefore modular at the linker level. The more granular such distinctions are, the further compile times drop, and the lower dependencies between modules become; as such, extern is a tremendously important yet rather subtle tool for the modern C/C++ developer.
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Why use of external variables is discouraged?
External variables, or global variables, are generally frowned upon because any code with access to the variables can alter the variables in unexpected ways. Object oriented programming addresses this problem by allowing programmers to encapsulate those variables into an object (often a singleton object) which provides far greater control over how those variables may be altered.
What are the different storage class in c?
The four storage classes in C are: automatic, static, external and register. Note that storage classes are not classes in the object-oriented programming sense, they simply define the scope (visibility) of a variable.Automatic Variables (auto)All local variables are automatic by default so we seldom see the auto keyword in code. Local variables are variables declared at function scope.Static Variables (static)All global variables are static by default. Global variables are variables declared at file scope (outside of any function). Static variables can also be explicitly declared inside functions to override the default automatic storage class. All static variables, whether global or local, are allocated within the program's data segment (static memory) and do not fall from scope even if declared locally. All static variables are initialised to zero by default.It's best to avoid the use of global variables unless they are declared constant (const) as it can be difficult to keep track of all the places where a global variable is being operated upon (accessed or assigned to). This can lead to data races in multi-threaded applications unless we take steps to synchronise all access and assignment operations upon the variable. For that reason it's best to keep variables as localised as possible, passing arguments into functions whenever we need to cross scopes. Non-constant global variables should really only be considered if they truly represent a global concept within the file in which they are declared.External Variables (extern)External storage can only be applied to a global variable declared outwith file scope. That is, when a global variable is declared in one file, any external file can gain access to that same global variable simply by declaring the same name and type but with external storage. It follows that external variables are also static variables and is the only case where a variable has two storage classes. Note the local static variables (including local constant variables) cannot be declared external, they are local to the function in which they are declared.This is another reason why it is best to avoid using too many global variables. While we can generally keep track of which code can access a global variable at file scope we have no means of limiting access from outwith that file. Again, prefer local variables to global variables whenever possible.Register Variables (register)A register variable is a variable that we wish to allocate to a CPU register rather than in RAM. Register variables must be no larger than the word-length of the machine and should only be used when we explicitly require fast access to the variable, such as loop counters, accumulators and pointer variables. Note that CPU registers have no address (no identity we can refer to) so we cannot use the unary '&' operator to take the address of a register variable. This means we cannot use pointers to refer to them indirectly which, in turn, means we can only pass them to functions by value (not by reference). However, to do so would defeat the purpose of using the register storage class.Given the limited number of registers available, there is no guarantee that a register variable will actually be allocated to a register; the register keyword is merely a hint to the compiler. It should be noted that modern compilers are extremely good at optimising code so there is seldom any need to explicitly declare register variables.
What are all the variables?
There are 'constant variables' , 'independant variables' and 'dependent variables' Constant Variable- things in the experimment that should be kept the same Independant variables- something that can be varied in an experiment Dependant variable- something that can be affected
Are C variables initialized to 0 by default?
Only global/static variables are, local variables aren't.
Who created variables?
The inventor of variables is THEEZ NUTZ!
Why is external variables in organization not controllable?
check
What is the other name of global variables?
Another name of global variable is "EXTERNAL VARIABLES".
What is the difference between internal and external variables?
An internal variable will change due to computations in the program module. An externalvariable will change due to other changes (external input).
Why use of external variables is discouraged?
External variables, or global variables, are generally frowned upon because any code with access to the variables can alter the variables in unexpected ways. Object oriented programming addresses this problem by allowing programmers to encapsulate those variables into an object (often a singleton object) which provides far greater control over how those variables may be altered.
What is the difference between internal and external validity?
The difference between internal and external validity is in their nature. Internal validity indicates if a study depicts relation between two variables. External validity on the other hand generalizes the study of the variables.
What are The Six variables of the external environment that are not directly under the control of marketing managers?
69
Which are three of the four main economic variables?
external shocks business investment, and interest rates
What is External environment of McDonald's?
The external environment for McDonalds as well as all organizations can include many variables such as: * competition * changing demographics * government interference, laws, regulations * the economy
What does the word constants mean in a experiment?
In an experiment, constants are variables that are kept consistent and unchanged throughout the testing process. These variables help ensure that any changes observed in the experiment are due to the manipulated variables and not external factors.
What is the use of extern variable?
External Variables are declared outside all functions, yet are available to all functions that care to use them. Features of external variables : Storage : Memory Default Initial value : zero Scope : Global Life : As long as program's execution does't come to an end
How many variables are changing after a rocket is launched?
During a rocket launch, numerous variables are changing, such as altitude, velocity, acceleration, fuel consumption, temperature, pressure, and position. These variables constantly shift and interact with each other as the rocket ascends and responds to external conditions.
How do you call an external function or program that is written in a different programming language?
This depends on too many variables you didn't specify for us to answer.
