A "smart material" is one having a molecular structure that responds in a particular and controlled way to influences upon it. These range from magnetically-changed materials, to "memory" molecules that return to their original form, to materials that generate an electric charge when pressed, twisted, or warped.
These materials can significantly change their mechanical properties (such as shape, stiffness, and viscosity), or their thermal, optical, or electromagnetic properties, in a predictable or controllable manner.
Some types of smart materials are piezoelectrics, electrostrictors, magnetostrictors, and shape-memory alloys.
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Lycra and Teflon
Smart materials were first developed in the late 20th century, with significant advancements occurring in the 1960s and 1970s. Notably, shape memory alloys, one of the earliest types of smart materials, were discovered in 1963 by William J. Buehler and his team at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory. Since then, research and development in smart materials have expanded, leading to various applications in fields like engineering, medicine, and consumer electronics.
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Smart materials can vary widely in their composition and properties, so their biodegradability depends on the specific type of material used. Some smart materials, particularly those based on natural polymers or designed for eco-friendliness, may be biodegradable. However, many synthetic smart materials incorporate plastics or other non-biodegradable components, making them unsuitable for decomposition. Thus, it's essential to assess each material individually to determine its environmental impact and biodegradability.
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Passive smart materials: which can only sense the environmental condition or stimuli. Active smart materials: which sense and react to the condition or stimuli. Very smart materials: which can sense, react and adapt themselves accordingly. Intelligent materials: which are those capable of responding or activated to perform a function in a manual or pre-programmed manner.
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what does the term mean smart materials
Smart materials can be found in a variety of objects such as self-healing materials in phone screens, shape memory alloys in eyeglasses frames, and piezoelectric materials in sensors and actuators. In addition, self-cleaning surfaces and materials that change color in response to stimuli also utilize smart material technology.
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Lycra and Teflon
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For the protection of fraud
Smart materials were first developed in the late 20th century, with significant advancements occurring in the 1960s and 1970s. Notably, shape memory alloys, one of the earliest types of smart materials, were discovered in 1963 by William J. Buehler and his team at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory. Since then, research and development in smart materials have expanded, leading to various applications in fields like engineering, medicine, and consumer electronics.