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A major cause of decomposition of transformer oil is minor arcing within the transformer. Decomposition results in gas which bubbles towards the top of the transformer and upward into the conservatory tank. Between the transformer and conservator tank is a Buchholz relay, in which this gas collects, causing a Mercury switch inside a float to initiate an alarm in the substation. This gas can be collected through a small pipe feeding from the Buchholz relay in order to have it analysed.

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