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Generally metals and ions (in solution) are good conductors of electricity.

Eg. iron, copper, nickel, molten sodium chloride, aqueous sodium chloride etc.

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Examples of insulators and conductors?

Insulators: wood, plastic Conductors: Copper, Gold


Is it true that shield wires conductors located above the phase conductors protect the phase conductors against lightning?

Yes, but they're not 'phase' conductors, they're 'line' conductors.


If ther are more than conductors in the raceway the ampacity of the conductors must be derated?

Ampacity must be derated depending on the number of conductors and the ambient temperature. In the Canadian Electrical Code Table 5C denotes derating for the number of conductors. 1-3 conductors = 100% load 4-6 conductors = 80% 7-24 conductors = 70% 25-42 conductors = 60% 43 or more conductors = 50%


What is the difference between bundled conductors and composite conductors?

Bundled conductors are used to reduce the effect of corona. As in place of a single conductor. two conductors are used in parallel the voltage gradient build up is less and thus the ionisation of the surrounding air is decreased. Therefore the effect of corona is reduced.


How many current carrying conductors can you have in a conduit before you have to start derating amparage?

The number of current-carrying conductors allowed in a conduit before derating is specified by the National Electrical Code (NEC). Generally, if you have more than three conductors in a conduit, you need to start derating the ampacity of the conductors. Specifically, for more than three conductors, the ampacity of each conductor must be reduced based on the number of conductors present. For example, with 4 to 6 conductors, the ampacity is typically reduced to 80%, and with 7 to 9 conductors, it’s reduced to 70%.