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The Principle of Segregation. The principle of segregation says that in diploid organisms genes come in pairs and that when gametes get produced each gamete gets one gene at random from each gene pair but not both. When developing this idea Gregor Mendel conducted a series on monohybrid crosses using pea plants.
Monohybrid cross: A monohybrid cross is a cross in which the breeder starts out with parents that are true breeding for alternate forms of a characteristic, for example flower color.
Procedure for monohybrid cross
Step 1. Produce parents true breeding for alternate forms of the trait or characteristic being studied. For instance were we studying the inheritance of flower color in peas as Mendel did we would selectively breed for plants that only produced purple flower offspring when bred with themselves. That would be the source of one of the parents. The other parent might be pure breeding for white flowers. These original parents are called the parental generation.
Step 2. Breed these parents together to produce offspring called the F1 generation.
Step 3 Breed the F1 generation offspring with each other to produce the next generation or F2 generation. Examining the appearance offspring resulting from these crosses give us information about the about the pattern of inheritance of the trait being studied.
Some terminology
Phenotype Vs genotype.
Phenotype: The phenotype refers to the appearance of the organism. This could refer to some obvious trait such as purple flower color, or to a biochemical trait such as the particular form of an enzyme. In our example the purple or white rectangles represent the phenotype.
Genotype: The genotype refers to the particular combinations of genes that give rise to the phenotype. In our example the letters represent the genes involved in the genotype. AA individuals and Aa individuals can have the same phenotype, both purple for instance but the genotype is different.
For the true breeding organisms in the parental generation notice that both genes are the same for each individual.
The AA individuals only produce gametes carrying
the A allele. The AA individuals produce only gametes gametes carrying the a allele.
Allele: An allele is an alternate form of a gene. For example while a diploid individual might carry two copies of a gene the copies may not be identical. Perhaps each gene codes for a slightly different form of an enzyme.
Homozygous: Homozygous refers to an individual having both alleles of the gene pair be the same allele. For example both AA and AA individuals are Homozygous.
Heterozygous: Heterozygous refers to an individual having different (non- identical) alleles for each gene in the gene pair. For instance the Aa individuals produced from the cross AA x AA are heterozygous.
F1 generation: F1 stands for first filial generation. These are the offspring from a particular set of parents during a monohybrid or other sort of genetic cross.
F2 generation. The F2 or second filial generation refers to the offspring of the F1 generation when F1's are crossed.
What else can I help you with?
Principle molecule that carries out the instructions coded in DNA?
The principle molecule that carries out the instructions coded in DNA is messenger RNA (mRNA). It serves as a template for protein synthesis by carrying genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where proteins are assembled.
What is the effect on a gene pool in succeeding generations if the constitions of the Hardy Weinberg principle are not met?
If the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle are not met, it can lead to changes in the allele frequencies of a gene pool over successive generations. Factors such as non-random mating, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and natural selection can all impact the genetic diversity and composition of the population, potentially leading to evolutionary change.
Which of the following is a condition that must exist before the Hardy-Weinberg principle is met?
One condition that must exist before the Hardy-Weinberg principle can be applied is a large population size to prevent genetic drift from significantly affecting allele frequencies.
What is consequence of law of independent assortment in human inheritance?
The consequence of the law of independent assortment in human inheritance is that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other. This results in a wide variety of possible genetic combinations in offspring, contributing to genetic diversity within a population. This principle is fundamental in understanding genetic variability and the inheritance of multiple traits in humans.
The principle of individual differences states that the rate and magnitude of adaptations to training will be limited by your differing genetics?
Yes, the principle of individual differences acknowledges that people respond differently to exercise based on their genetic makeup. This means that factors like muscle fiber composition, hormone levels, and metabolism can influence how someone responds to training stimuli and the rate at which they can adapt. Thus, individualizing training programs can help optimize results based on these genetic differences.
Who developed the principle of genetic equilibrium?
Hardy-Weinberg Principle.
What do a person with AB blood illustrates the principle of?
a person with AB blood group exhibits a genetic principle called co-dominance
What is the underlying principle of biotechnology?
All life is based on the same genetic code.
What are two things which work on the principle of biotech and chemtech?
Two things which work on the principle of biotech and chemtech are beer brewing and genetic engineering.
What type of molecule does the transforming principle contain?
The transforming principle contains DNA molecules. These molecules were identified by scientists Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944 as the substance responsible for the transfer of genetic information in bacterial cells.
What basic principle ensures that the transcribed RNA molecules is carrying the right genetic message?
Base pairing same as DNA
What are the five evolutionary forces that act on the hardy weinberg principle?
The evolutionary influences present in the Hardyâ??Weinberg principle are mate choice, mutation, selection, genetic drift, gene flow and meiotic drive.
Speciation is founded on the principle of genetic mutations and?
natural selection, leading to the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations. Over time, these mechanisms result in the development of distinct species with unique genetic and phenotypic characteristics. This process allows for biodiversity and adaptation to different environments.
What is founder principle?
The conditional probabilities of the frequencies of a set of genes at any future date depend on the initial copmosition of the founders of the population and have in general no tendancy to revert to the composition of the population from which the founders were themselves derived.
What basic principle ensures that the transcribed rna molecule is carrying the right genetic message?
Base pairing same as DNA
How Griffith prooved DNA as genetic material?
proved transforming principle not proteinchanged non-virulent bacteria into virulentbacteria by mixing with heat killed virulent bacteria
Principle of independent assortment?
Independent assortment is the random assortment of chromosomes during the production of gametes. This results in genetically unique gametes. The gametes are genetically different to the one another. This leads to genetic variation.
