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Explain pointer of any data type that requires four bytes?
When a pointer to a data type that requires four bytes is declared, the compiler knows that the target object is four bytes in size. When the program then performs a calculation to offset the pointer, such as to add 3 (for instance) to the pointer, the generated code actually adds 12. This is because the compiler assumes that adding or subtracting numbers to or from a pointer is an attempt to use the pointer in an array context. (Actually, this behavior is defined in the language specification.)The other valid arithmetic manipulation of a pointer is subtraction of two pointers to the same type of object. In this case, again, an internal multiplier of 4 is applied, and the result is an offset that could be used if the first pointer were the base of an array of those objects.The size of the target object could be any value, such as a double which might be 8 bytes. The compiler will do the arithmetic correctly.Also, keep in mind the distinction between the size of the pointer and the size of the object to which the pointer points. This answer assumes the latter.In any case, the programmer must insure that the calculation results in a pointer or offset value that represents an address in the base object array, assuming that the allocated space of that object is correct. Any other result is inconsistent with the defined usage of a pointer, and the result of dereferencing such an inconsistent pointer or offset is undefined by the language specification, and could result in corruption, incorrect behavior, or crash.
What is the difference between uninitialized pointer and null pointer in c language?
A null pointer is a pointer that has been initialised with the NULL value (zero). An uninitialised pointer is one that has not be initialised to any value and will in fact store whatever value happened to reside in the pointer's own memory address at the point of instantiation. Uninitialised pointers are a clear sign of bad programming because the only safe way to determine if a pointer is valid or not is to compare its value with NULL. An uninitialised pointer will almost always be non-NULL, which means you run the risk of accessing memory that either does not belong to you, or is otherwise invalid. Most compilers include a debug switch to warn you when you attempt to access any uninitialised variable, which naturally includes pointer variables. This switch must be on at all times.Whenever you instantiate a pointer, always initialise it straight away, either by nullifying it, or by storing a valid memory address in it. When you are finished with the pointer, it's good practice to nullify it immediately, even if the pointer would subsequently fall from scope. If the pointer is to be immediately re-assigned, there is no need to nullify it (but it's good practice nonetheless). If you follow this practice at all times, you can be assured that any non-NULL pointer will always be pointing at something valid (and if it isn't, then you have some serious problems elsewhere in your code).As a rule of thumb, if you can use a reference rather than a pointer, use a reference. They are much easier to work with. Pointers should only be used if there's any possibility (however remote) that a reference could be NULL, because a NULL reference will completely invalidate your program (pointers can be NULL, but references can never be NULL). This is why functions such as malloc() and calloc(), and the C++ new operator all return pointers rather than references. You can only return a reference when an allocation is guaranteed to succeed, and a dynamic memory allocation simply cannot make that guarantee.
How do we get values through pointers instead of arrays in c?
If the pointer is pointing to an array, you would do the exact same and use [], but if it weren't pointing to an array, you can use * to extract data from the pointer. eg: int a = 5; //set a to 5 int* b = &a;//set b to the address pointed by b int result = *b; //extract data b is pointing to (5) result would then be 5
What do you mean by function to pointer?
AnswerI take it you are using some version of c,c++,visualC etc etc. One thing that is standard is pointers. A pointer is the address of a memory space that holds information in that specific space. By referencing the pointer in your code, you can print out that specific bit of information that the poiner is actually pointing to. Hope this helps
C program to find the largest element in a row?
A row is just a one-dimensional array so, given a pointer to the first element of a row of doubles and the number of doubles in the row, we can use the following algorithm: // returns the largest double in an array of size count double get_largest (double * p, unsigned count) { if (p==NULL size==0) { /* invoke invalid argument handler */ } double result = *p; // store first value in row (dereference the pointer) while (--count) { // repeat for the remainder of the row ++p; // advance to the next element if (*p > result) result = *p; // if the current element is larger, update stored value } return result; // return largest value }
Dangling reference in java?
I think you're referring to the C/C++ concept of "dangling pointers." This is when you allocate some memory to a pointer, then deallocate that memory, but don't change the pointer. This causes any attempted use of the pointer to return an unused memory address. There is no such concept in Java, since the programmer has little to no control over how memory is allocated or freed. The closest thing I can think of is if you're using a class such as a Reader, in which you can close the object (Reader.close()) and then still have a reference to it. But in this case (and other similar cases) attempting to use the Reader further will result in an IOException being thrown.
Explain pointer of any data type that requires four bytes?
When a pointer to a data type that requires four bytes is declared, the compiler knows that the target object is four bytes in size. When the program then performs a calculation to offset the pointer, such as to add 3 (for instance) to the pointer, the generated code actually adds 12. This is because the compiler assumes that adding or subtracting numbers to or from a pointer is an attempt to use the pointer in an array context. (Actually, this behavior is defined in the language specification.)The other valid arithmetic manipulation of a pointer is subtraction of two pointers to the same type of object. In this case, again, an internal multiplier of 4 is applied, and the result is an offset that could be used if the first pointer were the base of an array of those objects.The size of the target object could be any value, such as a double which might be 8 bytes. The compiler will do the arithmetic correctly.Also, keep in mind the distinction between the size of the pointer and the size of the object to which the pointer points. This answer assumes the latter.In any case, the programmer must insure that the calculation results in a pointer or offset value that represents an address in the base object array, assuming that the allocated space of that object is correct. Any other result is inconsistent with the defined usage of a pointer, and the result of dereferencing such an inconsistent pointer or offset is undefined by the language specification, and could result in corruption, incorrect behavior, or crash.
Use of double pointer?
A double pointer has two basic meanings. One is ofa pointer to a pointer, where changing the value ofdouble pointer will result in the original pointer being changed. Another is that of a two-dimentional array, such as a matrix, or a list of char* (e.g. in main when you use argv).
What is a NULL Pointer Whether it is same as an uninitialized pointerin C language?
A null pointer is a pointer that holds the value zero (0), which simply means it does not point at anything in particular. It is an error to try and dereference memory address 0x0, as this address is reserved by the system, and will result in undefined behaviour. Pointers must be tested to ensure they hold a non-null address before being dereferenced. An uninitialised pointer is the same as any other uninitialised variable; no value has yet been assigned to it. The value of an uninitialised variable will be whatever value happens to reside in the memory allocated to that variable. All variables, including pointer variables, must be initialised before being accessed for the first time and most compilers will warn against accessing an uninitialised value. Dereferencing an uninitialised pointer has undefined behaviour.
What is the difference between uninitialized pointer and null pointer in c language?
A null pointer is a pointer that has been initialised with the NULL value (zero). An uninitialised pointer is one that has not be initialised to any value and will in fact store whatever value happened to reside in the pointer's own memory address at the point of instantiation. Uninitialised pointers are a clear sign of bad programming because the only safe way to determine if a pointer is valid or not is to compare its value with NULL. An uninitialised pointer will almost always be non-NULL, which means you run the risk of accessing memory that either does not belong to you, or is otherwise invalid. Most compilers include a debug switch to warn you when you attempt to access any uninitialised variable, which naturally includes pointer variables. This switch must be on at all times.Whenever you instantiate a pointer, always initialise it straight away, either by nullifying it, or by storing a valid memory address in it. When you are finished with the pointer, it's good practice to nullify it immediately, even if the pointer would subsequently fall from scope. If the pointer is to be immediately re-assigned, there is no need to nullify it (but it's good practice nonetheless). If you follow this practice at all times, you can be assured that any non-NULL pointer will always be pointing at something valid (and if it isn't, then you have some serious problems elsewhere in your code).As a rule of thumb, if you can use a reference rather than a pointer, use a reference. They are much easier to work with. Pointers should only be used if there's any possibility (however remote) that a reference could be NULL, because a NULL reference will completely invalidate your program (pointers can be NULL, but references can never be NULL). This is why functions such as malloc() and calloc(), and the C++ new operator all return pointers rather than references. You can only return a reference when an allocation is guaranteed to succeed, and a dynamic memory allocation simply cannot make that guarantee.
What word mean the same as consequences?
"Ramifications" can be used as a synonym for consequences.
What are good consequences?
Good consequences are the results of actions taken to change or improve a situation. They can be unintended consequences, where the result was not even part of the equation.
What are some of the consequences listed on the website that are the result of substance abuse?
the consequences are bad for the person they could get arrested
What are some of the consequences listed on the website that are result of substance abuse?
the consequences are bad for the person they could get arrested
The result of your choices are called?
The results of your choices are called.. CONSEQUENCES.
What are the three kinds of dangling modifiers?
There are actually a number of causes for dangling modifiers: some are dangling participles, dangling gerunds, dangling infinitives, and misplaced modifiers. In all cases, they result in sentences that are unintentionally funny. My favorites are: I heard it was going to rain on the radio. (Misplaced: "on the radio" should be next to "heard" unless you have a radio with a big rain cloud over it.) Sandy was walking her dog in a really short skirt. (Misplaced: this sentence seems to say the dog was wearing a really short skirt, rather than Sandy.) Having broken its leg, we took the dog to the hospital. (Dangling gerund-- did WE break the dog's leg?) A clean coffee pot is necessary to enjoy a good cup of coffee. (Dangling infinitive-- where's the subject in this sentence? Who is drinking the coffee-- the coffee pot?)
Were economic consequences the most important result of world war 1?
no
