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Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the project name of a new air interface for wireless access being developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE is the evolution of 3GPP's Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) towards an all-IP network. The LTE specifications provide a framework for increasing capacity, improving spectrum efficiency, improving cell-edge performance, and reducing latency. Many of the targets for LTE are similar to those for the continuing development of High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) - generally known as HSPA+ - although LTE has some specific additional capabilities such as flexible channel bandwidths and the advantages of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). LTE is being developed in Releases 8 and 9 of the 3GPP specifications.

To meet the demand for ever-higher data rates, LTE offers a 100 Mbps download rate and 50 Mbps upload rate for every 20 MHz of spectrum. Support is intended for even higher rates, to 326.4 Mbps in the downlink, using multiple antenna configurations. To allow the use of both new and existing frequency bands, LTE provides scalable bandwidth from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz in both the downlink and the uplink. LTE is optimized for low speeds (0 - 15 km/h) but will still provide high performance to 120 km/h with support for mobility maintained up to 350 km/h. 3GPP are considering support for even higher speeds up to 500 km/h.

Downlink Peak Data Rates

(64QAM)

Antenna configuration

SISO

2x2 MIMO

4x4 MIMO

Peak data rate

Mbps

100

172.8

326.4

Uplink Peak Data Rates

(single antenna)

Modulation depth

QPSK

16QAM

64QAM

Peak data rate

Mbps

50

57.6

86.4

Figure 1: Peak data rate targets for LTE1

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A wave is one in which the voltage rise at a constant rate with respect to time?

A: peak B: sine C: square D: linear


What is peak to peak?

Peak to Peak is the most positive peak to the negative peak value. Or find any peak value and multiply by 2.


Are peak-to-peak and rms voltage measurements the same?

No, the peak-to-peak voltage is 2sqrt(2) times as much as the rms for a pure sine-wave.


What is the effective value of 200 volts peak-to-peak?

200 volts peak-to-peak is 100 volts peak, which is 70.7 volts rms (standing for root-mean-square) also called "effective". This 70.7 volts is the DC voltage with the same heating power as the peak-to-peak. The relationship is: rms (aka RMS) equals peak-to-peak divided by 2, then divided again by square-root of 2 (1.414). The division by 2 gets us from peak-to-peak to just peak. The next division takes us to rms. If you get an AC voltrage with no description, for exmple 120 volts AC, it is RMS (effective). The USA AC standard supply voltage is 120 (also called 117) volts RMS. The USA peak is 117 x 1.414 (square root of 2) = 165 volts peak, = 330 volts peak-to-peak.


How to calculate the peak-to-peak value of a signal?

A: AC or our line voltage is sinusoidal in nature it goes up to a positive peak returns to zero and proceed to the negative peak. 120V AC is actually swinging from peak to peak. It is 120 volts but the peak is the 120 v times 1.41 or 169.2 volts and since it also go negative then the peak to peak 120 volts times 2.82 or 338.40 volts or twice the peak voltage

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