thermal expansion depends on Temperature and material of steel
Since most metals are isotropic, the cubical coefficient of expansion is three times the linear coefficient of expansion. The linear coefficient of expansion is obtained from measurement and tables for the specific material which are readily available.
dL/dT = αL*L, where L is the length of the steel, T is temperature, and αL is the linear thermal expansion coefficient which for steel is about 11.0 to 13.0. That is possibly the easiest differential equation in history: (1/L)dL = (αL)dT ln(L) = αLT L = eαLT
0.0000055
nickel
thermal expansion depends on Temperature and material of steel
13*10^-6
6.3 in/in.°F or 11.3 µm/m.°K
The coefficient of linear expansion (α) is one-third of the coefficient of superficial expansion (β), and the coefficient of superficial expansion is one-third of the coefficient of volume expansion (γ). This relationship follows from the dimensional analysis of the expansion coefficients in the respective directions.
The coefficient of volume expansion is the triple of the linear expansion coefficient. So with a volume expansion coefficient of 60×10^-6/°C, the linear expansion coefficient would be 20×10^-6/°C.
Since most metals are isotropic, the cubical coefficient of expansion is three times the linear coefficient of expansion. The linear coefficient of expansion is obtained from measurement and tables for the specific material which are readily available.
Liquids have two coefficients of expansion because they can expand in both volume (volume coefficient of expansion) and in area (area coefficient of expansion) when heated. The volume coefficient of expansion relates to changes in the volume of the liquid, while the area coefficient of expansion relates to changes in the surface area.
The material with the highest coefficient of thermal expansion is typically graphite.
As current passes through steel, it heats up from resistive heating. As it heats up, it expands. A typical coefficient of thermal expansion for steel is 13x10-6 m/m K but the exact coefficient of thermal expansion of steel depends on the type of steel. For example:Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion for:(10-6 m/m K)(10-6 in/in oF)Steel13.07.3Steel Stainless Austenitic (304)17.39.6Steel Stainless Austenitic (310)14.48.0Steel Stainless Austenitic (316)16.08.9Steel Stainless Ferritic (410)9.95.5
Invar steel is used in applications that require low thermal expansion, such as precision instruments, clocks, and scientific devices. Its low coefficient of thermal expansion helps it maintain dimensional stability over a wide range of temperatures.
Linear Temperature Expansion Coefficient (10-6 in/in oF) Brass = 10.4 Steel = 7.3 Therefore brass will expand or contract more steel.
The coefficient of thermal expansion of air is approximately 0.00367 per degree Celsius.