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Why convergent-divergent used in steam nozzles?
Convergent-divergent nozzles are used in steam applications to efficiently accelerate steam to supersonic speeds. The convergent section of the nozzle compresses the flow, increasing its velocity as it approaches the speed of sound, while the divergent section allows the steam to expand further, achieving supersonic flow. This design maximizes the energy conversion from thermal to kinetic energy, enhancing the overall efficiency of steam turbines and other systems. Additionally, it helps control the pressure and flow characteristics of the steam, optimizing performance in various operating conditions.
What is the working principle of steam jet ejector?
it is not based on bunoullies theorem it is based on mach number.when sonic speed of steam converted to supersonic steam by nozzle vacuum is created.
What is a steam turbine?
It is an engine.A steam turbine is a heat engine that uses the expansion of steam passing through stationary nozzles and blades on a shaft to turn the shaft. The steam can move through the turbine axially (one end of shaft to the other end), radially (shaft to outer casing), or tangentially (around the outer edges of the turbine wheel). In an impulse turbine, the steam is expanded in nozzles and pushes the blades. In a reaction turbine the steam is expanded in the nozzles AND in the blades, the reaction of the expansion of the steam pushes away from the blades spinning the wheel in the process. The expansion of the steam is necessary to increase its velocity through the turbine.
What two types of ways the droplets of ink are formed in inkjet printers?
piezoelectric crystal vibration generates pressure that ejects ink through the nozzleresistive pulse heater vaporizes a tiny amount of the water in the ink and steam pressure ejects ink through the nozzle
How does multi-stage steam jet air ejector works?
A steam ejector is a pump-like device, with no moving parts or pistons, that utilizes high-pressure steam to compress vapours or gases. This creates a vacuum in any vessel or chamber connected to the suction inlet of the ejector The adjacent diagram depicts a typical modern ejector. It consists of a motive fluid inlet nozzle and a converging-diverging outlet nozzle. In this case of a steam ejector, the motive fluid is high-pressure steam. The Venturi effect, a particular case of Bernoulli's principle, applies to the operation of this device. The high-pressure steam is converted into a high-velocity jet at the throat of the convergent-divergent nozzle which creates a low pressure at that point. The low pressure draws the suction fluid (a vapour or gas in this case) into the convergent-divergent nozzle where it mixes with the high-pressure steam. In essence, the pressure energy of the inlet steam is converted to kinetic energy in the form of velocity head at the throat of the convergent-divergent nozzle. As the mixed fluid then expands in the divergent diffuser, the kinetic energy is converted back to pressure energy at the diffuser outlet in accordance with Bernoulli's principle. The compression ratio of the steam jet ejector, P2/P1, is defined as ratio of the ejector's outlet pressure, P2, to the inlet pressure of the suction vapour or gas, P1. The entrainment ratio of the steam jet ejector, Ws/Wv, is defined as the amount of motive steam, Ws (in kg/hr), required to entrain and compress a given amount, Wv (in kg/hr), of suction vapour or gas. The compression ratio and the entrainment ratio are key parameters in designing a steam jet ejector. In practice, for suction pressure below 100 mbar absolute, more than one ejector will be used, usually with condensors between the ejector stages. Condensing of motive steam greatly improves ejector set efficiency. Both barometric and shell-and-tube surface condensers are used for this purpose. BY M.D.V.PRASAD mdvprasad007@gmail.com
How can expansion take place when steam pass through a nozzle?
When steam passes through a nozzle, it undergoes adiabatic expansion due to the decrease in pressure. This expansion causes the steam to increase in velocity as it exits the nozzle, converting some of its internal energy into kinetic energy. The increase in velocity results in a decrease in pressure and an increase in velocity, which can be harnessed in devices such as turbines.
What is the working principle of convergent-divergent nozzle?
A NOZZLE IS A DUCT WHICH CONVERT HEAT ENERGY INTO KINETIC ENERGY.IT INCREASES VELOCITY OF FLUID PASSING THROUGH IT ,AT THE EXPENCE OF PRESSURE. STEAM EXPANDS IN NOZZLE FOLLOW RANKINE CYCLE.FLOW THROUGH NOZZLE IS ISENTROPIC. mritunjay04@gmail.com
What is the effect of friction on the flow through a steam nozzle?
Friction in a steam nozzle can result in energy losses, reducing the efficiency of the nozzle. Frictional forces can cause pressure drops and decrease the velocity of the steam flow, impacting the overall performance of the system. Proper design and maintenance are essential to minimize frictional losses in steam nozzles.
Nozzle clearance how to steam turbine?
Steam turbine nozzle clearance is the total energy content available in steam. This is through a valve.
What is different betweeb single stage and multi stage steam turbine?
In a single stage steam turbine the steam is run through a nozzle to give it maximum velocity, thus the blades move at very high speeds, impractical for some applications, and only some of the energy is used, about 85-90%. In multi-stage or compound turbines the steam goes through a nozzle to increase its velocity, then after going through a set of blades, it is run through another nozzle to bring the steam back up to the correct velocity. After multiple stages there is no longer enough pressure left to up the velocity of the steam. This method increases the efficiency of the turbine and also decreases wear on the components caused by the high speed of a single stage.
what is purpose of nozzle in steam turbine?
It sends hot gases from the combustion chamber to the 1st stage turbine blades at the correct angle and speed
How does trottling calorimeter work?
A throttling calorimeter is a device used to measure the dryness fraction of steam. It works by passing steam through a small nozzle, causing a rapid expansion which results in a drop in pressure and temperature. By measuring the initial and final conditions of the steam, the dryness fraction can be calculated.
What is the compounding steam turbine?
Velosity compounding:This is a combination of pressure-velocity compounding. Lets say you have superheated steam coming out of the boiler at 70 bar, which is suppose to drive a steam turbine. How many stages of blading required to reduce the pressure to acceptable exhaust pressure so that it does not overheat the condenser?Remember, when you reduce the pressure the kinetic energy increases so is the steam speed. In order to reduce the pessure you must have pressure compounded arrangement. In order to reduce speed you must have velocity compounded. So what is pressure componded?This is an array of nozzles and impulse blades laid out accordingly to mainly reduce the steam pressure as it pass through the respected stages.Notice the pressure drop gradually as it pass through a fixed blade stage, but the speed increases as it pass the same stage. The velocity compounded which is arranged so that you have nozzles,moving and fixed blades laid accordingly. As it enters the nozzle the pressure is dropped, steam velocity inctreased.Then it pass through moving blades which reduces the steam velocity but maintain steam pressure.Then the steam is pass through guide blades or fixed blades where further reduction in velocity but none in pressure.Last stage is moving blades where velocity is reduced but pressure is maintained. How is pressure-velocity compounding accomplished? Answers: It is a combination of pressure compounding and velocity compounding. Steam is expanded partially in a row of nozzles whereupon its velocity gets increased. This high velocity steam then enters a few rows of velocity compounding whereupon its velocity gets successively reduced. The velocity of the steam is again increased in the subsequent row of nozzles and then again it is allowed to pass onto another set of velocity compounding that brings about a stage-wise reduction of velocity of the steam. This system is continued.
Why to use a converging and diverging nozzle in a steamturbine?
I tried to answer this question 4 times but WikiAnswers won't accept the code word to submit it, even though it is correct all 4 times. Converging / diverging nozzles are used with compressible fluids (gases, including steam) to increase their velocity. The converging section (cross-sectional area decreasing in the direction of flow) increases the velocity until it reaches the velocity of sound in the gas (sonic velocity - "Mach 1"). At that point, further reduction in area would slow the gas down, but increasing the cross-sectional area in the direction of further flow allows the gas to expand and increase its velocity to supersonic. If you only had a converging nozzle the maximum speed of the gas could only be subsonic or sonic. The diverging portion of the nozzle needs to be added to achieve supersonic speeds. The converging-diverging nozzle (also known as DeLaval nozzle) is used in steam turbines, most if not all rocket engines and all supersonic wind tunnels. +++ Actually, gas flowing though a diverging nozzle LOSES velocity but gains pressure, and it is pressure in the impinging stream the turbine needs, not its velocity.
What is steam nozzles types of seam nozzles?
1) convergent nozzle 2)divergent nozzle
What is mean by supersaturated flow?
When dry and saturated steam is caused to expand in a nozzle,the actual measured steam flow is found to be greater than the theoretical calculated flow.This is due to the time lag in the condensation of steam & the steam remains in dry state instead of wet. Such a steam is called supersaturated steam. This time lag is cause due to the the face that, the converging part of the nozzle is to short and the steam velocity is too high that the molecules of steam have insufficient time to form droplets.
What is the working principle of steam turbine?
The Steam Turbine is the one which steam worked pressured Hot and exited then the shaft of the turbine starts to and fro motion due which energy is injected through nozzle in the receiver.
