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Both conductors are at ground potential. They are connected together with a bonding jumper at the panel. The primary difference is the neutral is used as the return current path for single-phase loads, and the ground is the return path for fault current only. So, unless the hot conductor accidentally comes in contact with, say, a grounded equipment cabinet, there would be no current flow on the ground wire. The neutral wire carries current any time the single-phase load is in operation. With a three-phase balanced load, no neutral is necessary or required, yet electrical codes still require a ground wire for safety.

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