1/sqrt(r) where r is the radius
1.15
Form factor of any periodic wave is [RMS CURRENT]/[AVERAGE CURRENT]. For sinusoidal wave RMS current=I/sqrt(2); AVERAGE current=2I/pi; Therefore, Form factor=[I/sqrt(2)]/[2I/pi] =pi/{2*sqrt(2)} =1.11
fundamental wave component is filtered in the front end.
A full-wave rectifier circuit converts both halves of an AC waveform into a pulsating DC output, which can lead to a more efficient use of the power supply. The operation of the full-wave rectifier affects the power factor by allowing the load to draw current during both halves of the AC cycle, resulting in reduced harmonic distortion and smoother current flow. This improves the power factor compared to half-wave rectification, where current is only drawn during one half of the cycle, leading to increased reactive power and lower efficiency. Consequently, full-wave rectifiers can enhance overall system performance in applications like power supplies and motor drives.
The power factor of a sine wave is a measure of how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work output, defined as the cosine of the phase angle (φ) between the voltage and current waveforms. It ranges from 0 to 1, where a power factor of 1 indicates that all the power is being effectively used (purely resistive load), while a lower power factor indicates the presence of reactive power, typical of inductive or capacitive loads. A power factor of 0 means that all the power is reactive and none is being converted to useful work.
A 2D wave moves in two dimensions, like on a flat surface, and has characteristics such as wavelength, amplitude, and frequency. It differs from a 1D wave, which moves in only one dimension, like on a straight line.
2(5c + 2d)(5c + 2d)
The Fermi wave vector expressions in 1D, 2D, and 3D are given by: 1D: k_F = (3π^2n)^(1/3) 2D: k_F = (πn)^(1/2) 3D: k_F = (3π^2n)^(1/3)
The waves are the scalar and vector parts of Quaternion derivatives: [d/dr, DEL]2 [b,B] = The Longitudinal wave (d2/dr2 - DEL2)b - 2d/dr DEL.B is a scalar wave The Transverse wave (d2/dr2 - DEL2)B + 2d/dr( DEL b + DELxB) is a vector wave.
(5c^2 - 2d^2)(25c^4 + 10c^2d^2 + 4d^4)
(2d-7)2
In two-dimensional wave spreading, energy loss is typically faster with cylindrical spreading, where the wave energy spreads out in a circular pattern. This is because more energy is dispersed to the sides compared to spherical spreading, which is more evenly distributed in all directions.
The amplitude of a progressive wave decreases as the wave travels due to energy spreading out over a larger area. This is known as energy dissipation or spreading. As the wave propagates outward, energy is transferred to a larger region, leading to a decrease in amplitude.
The primary factor that determines the velocity of a wave is the medium through which the wave is traveling.
There is no prize for second place.
2(d - 3)
Wave packet spreading refers to the dispersion of a wave packet over time, causing it to spread out and lose coherence. In quantum systems, this spreading can lead to uncertainty in the position and momentum of particles, affecting their behavior by making their properties less predictable and more diffuse.