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What means k-factor in crude oil quality?

K Factor determines the type of crude whether it is parrafinic, Napthenic or aromtic. If K factor is equal or more than 12.5 means paraffinic and if equal or less than 10 means aromatic and in between napthenic


What is reaction load?

Reaction load refers to the forces and moments that a structure or component experiences due to external loads, such as weight, wind, or seismic activity. It is a critical factor in engineering and design, as it determines how materials will respond under various conditions. Engineers must calculate and analyze reaction loads to ensure that structures can safely support the anticipated stresses without failure. Understanding reaction loads is essential for creating stable and durable designs.


How surface treatment influences fatigue?

Surface treatment affects the endurance strength, which is used to calculate the safety factor. Surface fatigue inevitably occurs for all materials in high contact-stress applications, causing part failure after thousands of repeated cycles. Failure is evidenced by pitting and eventually spalling.


What is critical in stress intensity?

Stress intensity is related to product of stress and flaw size for materials. If stress is increased to critical, this results in catastrophic failure. The critical stress intensity factor KIc is a property of the material. KIc = Strength x sqrt(flaw) x geometry factor


How do you calculate safety factor?

The safety factor (SF) is calculated by dividing the material's ultimate strength (or yield strength) by the actual applied load or stress. The formula is SF = Ultimate Strength / Applied Load. A higher safety factor indicates a greater margin of safety, meaning the structure or component can withstand greater loads than it is designed for. It is essential in engineering to ensure reliability and prevent failure.