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at full input, if the transistor is working, the value of capacitor will be 0.
It depends on the transistor. Minimum base-emitter junction voltage can be as low as 0.6 volts for a silicon transistor, and as low as 0.2 volts for a germanium transistor.
Biasing circuits require a stable voltage or current source to set the operating point of the active device (like a transistor) within its linear region. Proper resistor selection is crucial to establish the desired biasing conditions while minimizing variations due to temperature or component tolerances. Additionally, the circuit should be designed to ensure that the biasing remains unaffected by signal variations, maintaining consistent performance across different operating conditions.
It is very difficult to identify transistor watts from the package, due to the increase in dissipation that can be obtained from a heat sink -- not normally provided with the transistor. In your case however, the TCG102A should cross reference to the standard ECG line of electronic components. Find the ratings you seek by searching for the electrical characteristics of the ECG-102A transistor.
Transistor failure can occur due to a variety of reason. The following are some of them. Age Aging of transistor due to temperature variations inside the components due to carrying current can cause failure. The electrical properties of the materials inside can drift due to age. External Causes External causes such as spikes in the power supply, heat, mechanical damage can also result in transistor failures. Hence, all transistors should be adequately protected against overvoltage. Poor Circuit design. Improperly chosen components and wrong circuit design can also result in transistor failure. Hence, all components in the circuit should be properly rated with sufficient allowance for overloading and temperature rise. The failure of one component can lead to cascade failures of other components. Overheating Overheating is the most common cause of transistor failure. Hence, it is important that transistors be provided with cooling mechanism. Devices which contain temperature-sensitive electronic components should be kept in air conditioned environments. Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic discharge can also damage transistors. Hence proper precautions against Electrostatic Discharge Should be taken.
For a transistor to be in active region : Base Emitter junction should be forward biased and Emitter collector junction should be reverse biased.
An op amp must remain in its active region for virtual ground to be preserved.
I believe the question should have been " What is the umbilical region? If that was the question , then with reference to mammals-- The umbilical region is a small area of of about two inches' radius with the centre at the centre of the navel. Navel is another term for the umbilicus. The umbilicus represents the point at which the umbilical cord of placental mammals was connected to the mother'womb before birth.
Emitter-Base junction should be forward biased.Collector-Base junction should be reverse biased.
at full input, if the transistor is working, the value of capacitor will be 0.
A transistor acts like a valve or gate that opens and closes, and allows a current to flow. Since the amount of current that flows is controlled by another input, they can be used to make amplifiers. Carbon microphones and vacuum tubes have the same property, and so have also been used to make amplifiers historically.
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To know if a transistor is PNP or an NPN,the following should be verified:For a PNP transistor, the base-collector junction is forward biased while the base-emitter junction is reversed biased.For an NPN transistor, the base-emitter junction is forward biased while the base -collector junction is reversed biased.
It depends on the transistor. Minimum base-emitter junction voltage can be as low as 0.6 volts for a silicon transistor, and as low as 0.2 volts for a germanium transistor.
You can consider using the silicon transistor 2N3904 as an equivalent for the AC128. The 2N3904 is a general-purpose NPN transistor commonly used in various amplifier and switching applications. Remember to check datasheets and specifications to ensure compatibility with your circuit requirements.
It would be zero because there is a leakage.
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