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The rubber or plastic serves as electrical insulation (because they are poor conductors). Without insulation, the electricity running in a bare cable would leap over into any other electrically conducting material it touched. With enough voltage, a human could be electrocuted.

Electrical signals would disappear and get lost, causing equipment to fail.

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So the conductor is insulated against possible metal contact & prevent a short if it's grounded.

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All household electric wires are covered with plastic and rubber. This is called insulation. It keeps the potential of the wire from returning to ground (short circuit) before being used by the load. The higher the potential (voltage) the greater the insulation factor has to be. Bare wires in transmission towers also use insulation in the form of air. To use this method, engineered clearances have to be maintained between the conductors.

Answer

All electrical power wires are covered with an insulating material. This is to prevent the potential on the wire from going anywhere except to the load.

Electrical connecting wires are covered with plastic to prevent the wire under the covering from shorting out against each other or shorting out to ground. The electrical terminology for this covering is the wire's "insulation".

These days most electrical wires are covered with a flexible plastic (rubber starts with the sap from a rubber tree; plastic usually starts with a petroleum base).

Answer

The main purpose of the "cover" (insulation) is to keep the wire from shorting to other objects.

The plastics used generally have a good mix of the following properties:

It is flexible so the wire can be flexed and bent.

It is inexpensive and easy to apply to the wire during manufacturing.

It has resistance to chemicals and UV light.

Sometimes it's also important for it to resist abrasion or temperature extremes, or submersion in water.

You can get wire with different types of insulation depending on what you need it to withstand.

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Which plastic is used for making wire insulation?

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You are probably referring to moisture ingress. Moisture ingress into underground electrical cables, particularly high-voltage cables, can act to break down the insulating properties of that cable, and lead to a short circuit. Accordingly, underground cables incorporate a sheath (lead in older cables), which is impervious to moisture ingress, which surrounds the cable cores, and is located beneath the outer armouring. But moisture ingress can occur with all types of electrical equipment, and the manufacturers take steps to prevent this from happening.


What is the definition of a steel wired armoured cable in electrical engineering?

Underground cables are 'armoured' in order to protect them against mechanical damage. This armour takes either of two forms: (1) steel tape, or (2) wire. Wire armour tends to be used on cables with a larger diameter, as it makes them more flexible compared to cables with tape armour. In both cases, the armour is spiral-wound towards the outer part of the cable along its length and is, itself, protected with a hessian or plastic outer layer.


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There are many different types of plastic. However, most types that are used in your daily life are, indeed, insulators.


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