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The transformer is a very efficient means of stepping up or down from the supply voltage whilst having the opposite and proportional effect on current.

When power suppliers want to supply power over large distances, they step up the voltage to around 132,000 volts and suspend the wires at a safe distance from the ground. This is because heat loss is proportional to the current squared. Thus high power supply with minimal energy loss.

When the supply has reached a local area the voltage is stepped down in stages along with a split of the phases according to the need.

The household supply of 230-240v is still too high for areas where safety is an issue like outdoor site work and is stepped down further to around 110v.

Individual appliances, especially ones with sensitive components will have their own Transformers, often used in conjunction with a rectifier, to give a steady DC low voltage from the original higher AC supply.

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16y ago

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